Isaiah 63:10

"But they rebelled and grieved his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, and himself fought against them. Then he remembered the days of old, Moses and his people, saying, Where is he that brought them up out of the sea with the shepherds of his flock? where is he that put his holy Spirit in the midst of them? that caused his glorious arm to go at the right hand of Moses? that divided the waters before them, to make himself an everlasting name? that led them through the depths, as a horse in the wilderness, so that they stumbled not? As the cattle that go down into the valley, the Spirit of Jehovah caused them to rest: so didst thou lead thy people, to make thyself a glorious name."

"They rebelled and grieved his holy Spirit ..." (Isaiah 63:10). "In these chapters we have the angel of God's presence (the Son of God), the Holy Spirit, and God Himself, the three persons of the Godhead, all working in behalf of Israel; their rebellion, therefore, was against the total Godhead."[17]

It is generally believed that under the Law of Moses the people did not enjoy the blessed reception of the Holy Spirit, as is true of Christians; and there is nothing here that is contrary to that view. The text clearly states that, "They grieved the holy Spirit", and (when they did) he (the holy Spirit) turned to be their enemy and fought against them. Some translators have rendered the word "grieved" here "vexed," or "rebelled against." In the New Testament, Christians are represented as "receiving" the Holy Spirit (John 20:22), and others as "resisting" the Holy Spirit (Acts 7:51) "blaspheming" the Holy Spirit (Matthew 12:31), "lying" to the Holy Spirit (Acts 5:3). "insulting" the Holy Spirit (Hebrews 10:29), "grieving" the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 4:30), or as "quenching" the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:19). Isaiah 63:10b here indicates that Israel, as a people, "quenched the Holy Spirit."

Barnes' comment on Isaiah 63:10b is that, "The Holy Spirit abandoned them for their sins, and left them to reap the consequences."[18]

"Then he remembered the days of old, Moses and his people ..." (Isaiah 63:11). "Most commentators regard the antecedent of `he' here as `Israel.'"[19] The things that came to Israel's mind in those days were the marvelous deliverances which God had brought to them in the Exodus. "Where is he that brought them up out of the sea ...?" (Isaiah 63:11). "This question was often spoken in derision by Israel's foes."[20] Under their reduced circumstances, it was a plaintive cry indeed..

"The shepherds of his flock ..." (Isaiah 63:11). These were Moses and Aaron.

"His holy Spirit in the midst of them ..." (Isaiah 63:11). That is, in the midst of Moses and Aaron.