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Verse 4

Ah. Figure of speech Ecphonesis . Note the four exclamatory descriptions, and see note on "gone away", below.

sinful. Hebrew. chata . App-44 .

sinful nation. Note the Figures of speech Apostrophe, Synonymia and Anabasis in verses: Isaiah 1:4 , Isaiah 1:5 . Contrast Exodus 19:6 . Deuteronomy 7:6 ; Deuteronomy 14:2 , Deuteronomy 14:21 .

laden = heavily burdened.

iniquity. Hebrew 'avah. App-44 .

of = consisting of. Genitive of Apposition. App-17 .

corrupters. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 32:5 ).

forsaken. Apostasy in disposition. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 28:20 ; Deuteronomy 31:16 ). App-92 . Occurs in the "former" portion here, Isaiah 1:28 ; Isaiah 6:12 ; Isaiah 7:16 ; Isaiah 10:3 (leave), 14 (left); Isaiah 17:2 , Isaiah 17:9 ; Isaiah 18:6 (left); Isaiah 27:10 ; Isaiah 32:14 , and in the "latter" portion, Isaiah 41:17 ; Isaiah 49:14 ; Isaiah 54:6 ; Isaiah 55:7 ; Isaiah 58:2 ; Isaiah 60:15 ; Isaiah 62:4 , Isaiah 62:12 ; Isaiah 65:11 . App-79 .

the Hebrew. Jehovah. (with 'eth) = Jehovah Himself ( App-4 ). Not the same as in verses: Isaiah 1:2 , Isaiah 1:9 , Isaiah 1:10 , Isaiah 1:20 .

provoked = despised, blasphemed. Reference to Pentateuch ( App-92 ). An old Mosaic word (Numbers 14:11 , Numbers 14:23 ; Numbers 16:30 . Deuteronomy 31:20 ). Apostasy in words (see note above).

the Holy One of Israel. Occurs twenty-five times in Isaiah: twelve times in the "former" portion (Isaiah 1:4 ; Isaiah 5:19 , Isaiah 5:24 ; Isaiah 10:20 ; Isaiah 12:6 ; Isaiah 17:7 ; Isaiah 29:19 ; Isaiah 30:11 , Isaiah 30:12 , Isaiah 30:15 ; Isaiah 31:1 ; Isaiah 37:23 ,:); and thirteen times in the "latter" portion (Isaiah 41:14 , Isaiah 41:16 , Isaiah 41:20 ; Isaiah 43:3 , Isaiah 43:14 ; Isaiah 45:11 ; Isaiah 47:4 ; Isaiah 48:17 ; Isaiah 49:7 ; Isaiah 54:5 ; Isaiah 55:5 ; Isaiah 60:9 , Isaiah 60:14 ). Outside Isaiah it is used by Himself once (2 Kings 19:22 first occurrence); three times in the Psalms ( Isa 71:22 ; Isa 89:18 ).

gone away backward. Apostasy in act. See note on Isaiah 1:4 , and notice the threefold apostasy in this verse.

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