Verse 3
(3) Was kindled.—Better, is kindled. (Comp. Note on Zechariah 8:2.)
Shepherds.—This term is used of native rulers and guides (Jeremiah 2:8; Jeremiah 17:16; Jeremiah 23:1-4; Ezekiel 34:2, &c.), and also of foreign rulers and oppressors (Jeremiah 6:3-4; Jeremiah 25:34-38; Jeremiah 49:19).
I punished.—Better, I will punish.
The [he] goats are, probably, to be identified with “the shepherds” (as seems to be the case in Ezekiel 34:0), and both to be referred to foreign rulers and leaders, since the latter part of the verse seems to denote that the whole people (see Zechariah 10:6-7, and comp. Zechariah 9:13) is to be changed from a timid flock into a nation of warriors.
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