Deuteronomy 4:1-40

B. An exhortation to observe the law faithfully 4:1-40

Moses turned in his address from contemplating the past to an exhortation for the future. This section is the climax of his first speech.

"The parallel between the literary structure of this chapter and that of the Near Eastern treaty is noteworthy. The author of the treaty is named (1, 2, 5, 10), reference is made to the preceding historical acts, the treaty stipulations are mentioned, the appeal is made for Israel to obey, the treaty sanctions, blessing and cursing, are referred to, witnesses are mentioned (26), and the obligation to transmit the knowledge of the treaty to the next generation is stated (10). While these elements in the Near Eastern treaty are not set out in a rigid legal form, but are woven into a speech without regard for strict formality, they can be clearly discerned." [Note: Thompson, p. 102. Cf. Merrill, Deuteronomy, p. 113.]

"Moses stresses the uniqueness of God’s revelation to them and their responsibility." [Note: Samuel J. Schultz, Deuteronomy, p. 30.]

"He [Moses] would not enter the land and guide the people in God’s Law, so he now gives them his explanation of the Law to use in his absence. His central purpose in this section is to draw out the chief ideas of the Sinai narratives, Exodus 19-33." [Note: Sailhamer, p. 433.]

These chief ideas are the Torah as wisdom (Deuteronomy 4:1-14), warning against idolatry (Deuteronomy 4:15-24), the possibility of exile (Deuteronomy 4:25-31), and God’s presence with Israel (Deuteronomy 4:32-40).