Isaiah 19:11-13

The Egyptians were known for their wisdom and took great pride in it (cf. Matthew 13:54; Mark 6:2). Isaiah challenged their wise men to inform the people what Yahweh of armies had in store for them (cf. Joseph). He could frustrate their plans, but they could not discover His. Their unwise politicians had misled the people by failing to diversify the economy, among other ways. Too much of their hope lay in the Nile, which the people worshipped as a god. Zoan (Isaiah 19:11, Gr. Tanis) was a chief city and often the capital of Lower Egypt, and Noph (Gr. Memphis, Isaiah 19:13) was another chief city and former capital of the same part of Egypt.