Genesis 15:11 - Exposition

And when the fowls —literally, and the bird of prey, a collective singular with the article, as in Genesis 14:13 , symbolizing the Egyptians and other adversaries of Israel, as in Ezekiel 17:3 , Ezekiel 17:7 , Ezekiel 17:12 ; Ezekiel 39:4 , Ezekiel 39:17 ; Revelation 19:17 , Revelation 19:18 (Knobel, Rosenmüller, Lunge, Keil, Kalisch), which may be regarded as probable if the divided victims represented Israel in affliction, which is doubtful ( vide supra ). It does not appear necessary to attach any special significance to the descent of the vultures, which are always attracted towards carrion, and the introduction of which here completes the naturalness of the scene— came down upon the caresses (the LXX . interpolates, ἐπὶ τὰ διχοτομήματα) , Abram drove them away. Literally, caused them to be blown away, i.e. by blowing. "Though Abram is here represented as the instrument, yet the effect is to be ascribed primarily to the tutelar agency of omnipotence" (Bush; cf. Exodus 15:10 ; Ezekiel 21:31 ). The act of scaring the voracious birds has been taken to represent the ease with which Abram or Israel would ward off his enemies (Jonathan, Targums, Rosenmüller, Bush); the averting of destruction from the Israelites through Abram's merit (Kalisch, Keil); Abram's religious regard for and observance of God's treaty (Wordsworth); the patriarch's expectation that God was about to employ the sacrificial victims for some holy purpose (Alford); simply his anxiety to preserve the victims pure and un-mutilated for whatever end they might have to serve (Murphy).