Deuteronomy 1:1-8 - Exposition

together with Exodus 23:20-33 .

The Hebrew right to Canaan.

Moses is reviewing the career of Israel, and is endeavoring to set before the people the patience and faithfulness of God, as well as their own waywardness. In the part of his review which is before us just now, he points to the time when their sojourn in Horeb was about to close. Laws and ordinances had been given. The nation was formed. Preparations for departure would have to be made. To this they are incited by a renewal of the Divine gift to them of the land of Canaan. The bare and brief recital in the verses referred to above may be advantageously compared with Exodus 23:20-33 . A subject is here brought before us of great importance, viz. The right of the Hebrews to Canaan , and the purpose of the Divine Being in granting it to them . We have here—

I. THE HEBREW RIGHT TO CANAAN DIVINELY CONFIRMED . A double use has been made of the command to dispossess the Canaanites:

1. By skeptics, to impugn the morality of the Old Testament.

2. By professing Christian men, to justify wars of aggression now. Now we might meet both these by one short and ready reply, viz. "If God commanded the Hebrews to exterminate the Canaanites, no defense is required; if God did not command them, no defense avails." But there is a more appropriate way of meeting the two cases. As to the first, we would say, "Before you pronounce it immoral, look at the entire bearings of the case, that you may see if the Israelites had an adequate warrant for the course they took." As to the second, "Before you regard this as a pattern, look at the entire bearings of the case, that you may see if there is any ground for adducing the wars of the Hebrews as a justification or palliation of aggressive war now." If men go to the Book to learn what the Israelites did, they must in all fairness go to the Book to see the grounds on which they did it. And the same teaching that will answer the one question, Were they justified? will also answer the other, Should we be justified in imitating them? Thirteen points present themselves for distinct and cumulative consideration. We can but name them.

II. ACCESS TO CANAAN DIVINEY SECURED . "I will send an angel before thee" ( Exodus 23:14 ; Exodus 32:34 ; Isaiah 63:9 ; Malachi 3:1 ; Acts 7:38 , Acts 7:53 ; John 1:51 ). It is only as we study the more advanced revelations of the New Testament as to the place of angels in the Divine administration, and the lordship of Jesus Christ over them, that all these texts of Scripture are seen to fit in together. Note the specific statements in Exodus xxiii, as to God clearing Israel's way.

III. DUTY IN REFERENCE TO CANAAN DIVINELY REGULATED . Negatively: they were neither to bow down to false gods nor to mix with the heathen. Positively: they were to serve and fear God and to practice the right.

IV. PROMISES CONCERNING PROSPERITY IN CANAAN DIVINELY GIVEN ( Exodus 23:25 ). Blessing on food, health, long life (cf. Matthew 6:33 ; Psalms 91:16 ). A separate homily might well be devoted to the temporal benefits naturally resulting from obedience to God. The application of all this to us in these days is manifest.

1. What Israel was once in the world God expects his Church to be now (cf. Exodus 19:5 , Exodus 19:6 with 1 Peter 2:9 ).

2. In Jesus Christ we have a new covenant, a better ministry, greater promises ( Hebrews 8:6 ).

3. We have a commission for the world. We have to co-operate with God in bringing about new heavens and a new earth, by working in accordance with his plan of redeeming and educating our race. We have no commission to destroy. The Lord hath given us a power for edification but none for destruction. Our commission runs, "Go, baptize and teach." We have not to supersede the occupation of territory held by a barbarous nation, through its enforced occupation by a civilized one, but to go and teach all nations that each nation may supersede its own barbarism by a civilization that is equally its own.

4. This commission is to be fulfilled by the Word of Truth, by the power of God. By spiritual weapons only can our victories be won. In the might of a love that has conquered us, and in that might alone, we are to go forth to make the conquest of the world.

"These weapons of the holy war,

Of what almighty force they are,

To make our stubborn passions bow,

And lay the proudest rebel low!"