Psalms 45:1-17 - Exposition

The psalm consists of two main portions—an address to the bridegroom in eight verses ( Psalms 45:2-9 ), and an address to the bride in six ( Psalms 45:10-15 ); with an introduction and a conclusion, the latter comprised in two verses, the former in one verse only.

Title of the psalm. The psalm has an unusually long and complicated title. First, it is addressed, like so many others, to the precentor, or chief musician, the head of the tabernacle choir. Next, it is said to be "upon lilies," which is not very easy to understand. Lilies were, no doubt, viewed as sacred flowers, and were largely used in the ornamentation of the temple ( 1 Kings 7:19 , 1 Kings 7:22 , 1 Kings 7:26 ). They are also mentioned in the titles of three other psalms ( Psalms 60:1-12 ; Psalms 69:1-36 ; Psalms 80:1-19 .), but with what intention is wholly uncertain. A questionable exegesis connects the "lilies" of the present title with the "king's daughter" and the "virgins" of Psalms 45:13 , Psalms 45:14 ; but there is no mention of "virgins" in the other psalms said to be "upon lilies." Further, the psalm is assigmed "to the sons of Korah," like Psalms 42:1-11 ; Psalms 44:1-26 , and others, who may probably have been the writers. Fourthly, it is called "Maschil," i.e. " an instruction." Fifthly, it is said to be "a song of loves," which seems to be a reference to the subject-matter.