Isaiah 1:4 - Exposition

Ah sinful nation. These are the words of Isaiah, not of Jehovah. The prophet, having delivered God's message in verses 2 and 3, proceeds to impress and enforce it on the people by remarks of his own. He begins with a lamentation over their wickedness and impenitence; "Ah sinful nation!" or "Alas for the sinful nation! "the nation called to be holy ( Exodus 19:6 ; Le Exodus 20:26 , etc.), but sunk in sin and wickedness. How sad their condition! How almost hopeless! Laden with iniquity ; literally, heavy with guilt . But our version well expresses the sense. As the psalmist says, "My sins have gone up over my head, and are like a sore burden, toe heavy for me to bear" ( Psalms 38:4 ; cf. Matthew 11:28 ). A seed of evil-doers. Not descendants of evil-doors, but "an evil-doing seed, "or "race" ( σπέρμα πονηρόν , LXX .; comp. Isaiah 14:20 ; Isaiah 61:9 ; Isaiah 65:23 ). Children that are corrupters ; literally, sons that do corruptly . It is not their corrupting of others, though that might follow, but the corruption that was in themselves, which is spoken of. The corruption was both moral and doctrinal (see verse 21). In corroboration of the fact, see 2 Chronicles 27:2 . They have forsaken the Lord. Not by renouncing his worship, which they still continued (see verses 11-15), but by reducing it to a formality. The people "honored him with their lips, while their hearts were far from him" ( Isaiah 29:13 ). They have provoked to anger ; rather, despised (Revised Version), or scorched (Kay, Cheyne), or rejected with disdain (Lowth), in allusion to their disobeying his commandments (see verses 21-23). The Holy One of Israel. This title of God is a favorite one with Isaiah (see Isaiah 5:19 , Isaiah 5:24 ; Isaiah 10:17 , Isaiah 10:20 ; Isaiah 12:6 ; Isaiah 17:7 ; Isaiah 29:19 , Isaiah 29:23 ; Isaiah 30:11 , Isaiah 30:12 , Isaiah 30:15 ; Isaiah 31:1 ; Isaiah 37:23 ; Isaiah 41:14 , Isaiah 41:16 , Isaiah 41:20 ; Isaiah 43:3 , Isaiah 43:14 ; Isaiah 45:11 ; Isaiah 49:7 ; Isaiah 54:5 ; Isaiah 55:5 ; Isaiah 60:9 , Isaiah 60:14 ), and is very rarely used by the other sacred writers. We find it thrice in the Psalms ( Psalms 71:22 ; Psalms 78:41 ; Psalms 89:18 ); once in Kings ( 2 Kings 19:22 ), but then in the mouth of Isaiah; twice in Jeremiah ( Jeremiah 1:1-19 :29; Jeremiah 51:5 ); and once in Ezekiel ( Ezekiel 39:7 ). According to Isaiah's conception of God, holiness is the most essential element of his nature (see Isaiah 6:3 , Isaiah 6:5 , Isaiah 6:7 ). They are gone away backward ; literally, they are estranged backwards ; or, as Bishop Lowth paraphrases, "they are estranged from him; they have turned their back upon him." Instead of looking to God, and following after him, they "followed a multitude to do evil ( Exodus 23:2 )."