Titus 2:14 - Exposition

A people for his own possession for a peculiar people, A.V. Who gave himself for us. The resemblance in thought and diction to 1 Timothy 2:3-6 has been already pointed out. "Who gave himself" ( ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτόν ) is there expressed by ὁ δοὺς ἑαυτόν , and "that he might redeem us" ( ἵνα λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ) by ἀντίλυτρον ὑπὲρ πάντων . (For the great truths contained in the words "who gave himself," comp. John 10:11 , John 10:17 , John 10:18 ; Galatians 1:4 ; Ephesians 5:2 , Ephesians 5:25 ; 1 Peter 2:24 ; Hebrews 9:14 .) The voluntary offering of himself is also implied in the office of our Lord as High Priest ( Hebrews 9:11-14 ). For us ( ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ); on our behalf ; not exactly synonymous with ἀντὶ ἡμῶν , "in our stead." Both phrases, however, are used of our redemption by Jesus Christ. We find ὑπὲρ in Luke 22:19 , Luke 22:20 ; John 6:51 : John 10:11 , John 10:15 ; John 11:50-52 ; John 15:13 ; John 18:14 ; Romans 5:6 , Romans 5:8 ; Romans 8:32 ; 1 Corinthians 5:7 ; 2 Corinthians 5:14 , 2 Corinthians 5:15 , 2 Corinthians 5:21 ; Galatians 1:4 ; Ephesians 5:2 , Ephesians 5:25 ; 1 Thessalonians 3:10 ; Hebrews 2:9 ; 1 Peter 2:21 ; 1 Peter 3:18 ; 1 Peter 4:1 ; 1 John 3:16 : and we find ἀντί in Matthew 20:28 and Mark 10:45 , and in αντίλυτρον , 1 Timothy 2:6 . The literal meaning of ὑπὲρ is "in defense of," and hence generally "on behalf of," "for the good of." The primary idea of ἄντι is "standing opposite," and hence it denotes "exchange," "price," "worth," "instead," etc. Redeem ( λυτρώσηται ); as Luke 24:21 :1Pe Luke 1:18 ; common in classical Greek. In the middle voice, as here, it means "to release by payment of a ransom;" in the active voice, "to release on receipt of a ransom." In 1 Peter 1:18 the ransom price is stated, viz. "the precious blood of Christ;" as in Matthew 20:28 it is "the life of the Son of man." The effect of this redemption is not merely deliverance from the penalty of sin, but from its power also, as appears by the following words: "a peculiar people, zealous of good works," and by the passage in St. Peter above referred to. Purify ( καθαρίσῃ ); as very frequently in the New Testament of cleansing lepers, the outside of the platter, etc., cleansing the Gentiles ( Acts 10:15 ), putting away all sin ( 2 Corinthians 7:1 ), cleansing the Church ( Ephesians 5:26 ), purging the conscience ( Hebrews 9:14 ), etc. The iniquity just spoken of was a defilement; the redemption from iniquity removed that defilement. The blood of Jesus Christ, the price paid for the redemption, was the instrument of cleansing ( 1 John 1:7 , 1 John 1:9 ). A people for his own possession ( καὸν περιούσιον ); only here in the New Testament, but frequent in the LXX ., coupled, as here, with λαός ( Exodus 19:5 ; Deuteronomy 7:6 ; Deuteronomy 14:2 ; Deuteronomy 26:18 ), to express the Hebrew הלָּגֻסְ or הלָּגֻסְ מעַ , a people the peculiar property, or treasure, of God; "peculiar" being derived from the Latin peculium, one's own private property, reserved for one's own private use. The Authorized Version "peculiar" expresses the sense exactly, and the περιούσιος of our text and of the LXX ., from whom it is borrowed, is meant to define either that special reserved portion of a man's property over and above what he spends for ordinary expenses, which nobody can interfere with, or those jewels on which he sets a special value, and places safely in his treasury. In 1 Peter 2:10 λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν ("a peculiar people," Authorized Version) means the same thing, that being the LXX . translation of the same Hebrew word, הלָּגֻסְ , in Ma 1 Peter 3:17 ("jewels," Authorized Version), "They shall be my reserved portion or possession." The application of the phrase, λαὸν περιούσιον , descriptive in the Old Testament of Israel, to the Church of Christ, is very instructive. The passage in 1 Peter 2:10 is exactly analogous, as is the phrase, "the Israel of God" ( Galatians 6:16 ). Zealous ( ζηλωτής ); as Acts 21:20 ; Acts 22:3 ; 1 Corinthians 14:12 ; Galatians 1:14 . From its special application to those who were zealous for the Law of Moses it became the name of the sect or party of the Zealots who played such a terrible part in the Jewish war (see Luke 4:15 ). Canaanite is the Hebrew for ζηλωτής . Zeal for good works is the indispensable mark of God's peculiar people, the inseparable fruit of the redemption and purification which is by the blood of Jesus Christ.