Revelation 13:16 - Exposition

And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads; that there be given them a mark on their right hand, or upon their forehead. δώσῃ , "he may give," found in the Textus Receptus, is unsupported by any uncial; δῶσιν , "they may give," is read in א , A, B, C, P and most cursives have either δῶσιν or δώσωσιν . Wordsworth translates, "give to themselves," and adds, "a remarkable sentence, intimating compulsion under the semblance of choice." But it does not seem fair to press the meaning so far. The third plural is often used in a perfectly general way in the Apocalypse, and the Revised Version is probably correct in translating by the passive ( vide supra ) . Certainly the other passages in the Apocalypse, where the mark is mentioned, seem to show that men have absolute freedom of choice (see especially Revelation 14:9 and Revelation 20:4 ). Again the beast seeks to imitate God (cf. Revelation 3:12 , "I will write upon him my new name;" Revelation 22:4 , "His name shall be in their foreheads;" Revelation 7:3 ; Revelation 9:4 ; Revelation 14:1 ). The idea is taken kern the Mosaic customs (cf. Deuteronomy 6:8 , "And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontiers between thine eyes") Some writers see also an allusion to the heathen custom of branding slaves and others who were devoted to the service of temples; and recall the fact that χαράγματα , or "cuttings," such as are here mentioned, were forbidden to the Jews (Le 19:28).