The Characteristics Of Evil Men

In Jude 1:16 Jude sets down three last characteristics of the evil men.

(i) They are grumblers, for ever discontented with the life which God has allotted to them. In this picture he uses two words, one which was very familiar to his Jewish readers and one which was very familiar to his Greek readers.

(a) The first is goggustes ( Greek #1113 ). (gg in Greek is pronounced ng). The word describes the discontented voices of the murmurers and is the same as is so often used in the Greek Old Testament for the murmurings of the children of Israel against Moses as he led them through the wilderness ( Exodus 15:24 ; Exodus 17:3 ; Numbers 14:29 ). Its very sound describes the low mutter of resentful discontent which rose from the rebellious people. These wicked men in the time of Jude are the modern counterparts of the murmuring children of Israel in the desert, people full of sullen complaints against the guiding hand of God.

(b) The second is mempsimoiros ( Greek #3202 ). It is made up of two Greek words, memphesthai, which means to blame and moira, which means one's allotted fate or life. A mempsimoiros ( Greek #3202 ) was a man who was for ever grumbling about life in general. Theophrastus was the great master of the Greek character sketch, and he has a mocking study of the mempsimoiros ( Greek #3202 ), which is worth quoting in full:

Querulousness is an undue complaining about one's lot; the

querulous man will say to him that brings him a portion from his

friend's table: "You begrudged me your soup or your collops, or

you would have asked me to dine with you in person." When

his mistress is kissing him he says, "I wonder whether you kiss me

so warmly from your heart." He is displeased with Zeus, not

because he sends no rain, but because he has been so tong about

sending it. When he finds a purse in the street, it is: "Ah! but I

never found a treasure." When he has bought a slave cheap with

much importuning the seller, he cries: "I wonder if my bargain's

too cheap to be good." When they bring him the good news

that he has a son born to him, then it is: "If you add that I

have lost half my fortune, you'll speak the truth." Should this

man win a suit-at-law by a unanimous verdict, he is sure to find

fault with his speech-writer for omitting so many of the pleas.

And if a subscription has been got up for him among his friends,

and one of them says to him: "You can cheer up now," he will say:

"What? when I must repay each man his share, and be beholden

to him into the bargain?"

Here, vividly drawn by Theophrastus' subtle pen, is the picture of a man who can find something to grumble about in any situation. He can find some fault with the best of bargains, the kindest of deeds, the most complete of successes, the richest of good fortune. "There is great gain in godliness with contentment" ( 1 Timothy 6:6 ); but the evil men are chronically discontented with life and with the place in life that God has given to them. There are few people more unpopular than chronic grumblers and all such might do well to remember that such grumbling is in its own way an insult to God.

(ii) Jude reiterates a point about these wicked men, which he has made again and again--their conduct is governed by their desires. To them self-discipline and self-control are nothing; to them the moral law is only a burden and a nuisance; honour and duty have no claim upon them; they have no desire to serve and no sense of responsibility. Their one value is pleasure and their one dynamic is desire. If all men were like that, the world would be in complete chaos.

(iii) They speak with pride and arrogance, yet at the same time they are ready to pander to the great, if they think that they can get anything out of it. It is perfectly possible for a man at one and the same time to be a bombastic creature towards the people he wishes to impress and a flattering lick-spittle to the people whom he thinks important. Jude's opponents are glorifiers of themselves and flatterers of others, as they think the occasion demands; and their descendants are sometimes still among us.