Reigned from January 9, 1522 to September 14, 1523. Born on March 2, 1459 at Utrecht, Nederlands as Adrian Florensz; September 14, 1523 at Rome, Italy. As vice-chancellor of the University of Louvain he advanced arts and sciences. In 1506 he became tutor to Charles V, later Grand Inquisitor, and in 1520 regent of Spain. During his pontificate he met with opposition in his efforts to reform the Curia and to repair extravagances. He appealed in vain to Christian rulers to oppose the advancing Turks, and his death was hastened by the fall of Rhodes into their hands.