(French: lièege, relation of subject to sovereign)

Obligation of respect and attachment to those who exercise authority, shown chiefly by observance of laws that are reasonable and justly applied. The position of Catholics in Great Britain and Ireland with regard to their allegiance is clearly defined in Newman's "Letter to the Duke of Norfolk" (1874), a crushing reply to W. E. Gladstone's "Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance."