Fourth Bishop and second Archbishop of New York, and first American cardinal, born Brooklyn, New York, 1810; died New York, 1885. After attending schools in Brooklyn and New York he entered Mount Saint Mary's College at Emmitsburg in 1822, finishing his studies in the Seminary twelve years later. He was ordained in old Saint Patrick's, New York, in 1834, and taught philosophy in the new seminary at Nyack until its destruction by fire the eame year. He was in Rome from 1835 to 1837 as a student at the Gregorian University. On his return he became pastor of Saint Joseph's in New York, leaving it temporarily in 1841 to organize Saint John's College, Fordham. He was named coadjutor to Bishop Hughes and consecrated in 1844, becoming first Bishop of Albany in 1847. He cooperated in the founding of Saint Joseph's Seminary at Troy in 1812. Named second Archbishop of New York in 1864, he was installed in Saint Patrick's Cathedral on Mott Street. He was named first American cardinal by Pius IX, the investiture taking place in old Saint Patrick's, April 21, 1875. In August he took possession of his titular church, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, in Rome, and when he went to Rome again for the coronation of Leo XIII he received the cardinal's hat from that pontiff, March 28, 1878. He dedicated the present Saint Patrick's Cathedral, May 25, 1879. Through an appeal to President Arthur in 1885 he was instrumental in saving the American College at Rome from spoliation by the Italian government. The New York Catholic Protectory is one of his many monuments.