Reigned from January 7, 1566 to May 1, 1572. Born on January 17, 1504 in Bosco, Italy as Michele Ghislieri; died on May 1, 1572 in Rome, Italy. A Dominican and theologian. Bishop of Sutri. Cardinal. Inquisitor general for all Christendom before his election. During his pontificate he raised the standard of morality in Rome; enforced the discipline of the Council of Trent; continued the struggle against Protestantism and the Turks; whose domination of Europe ended with their defeat at Lepanto in 1571; condemned the writIngs of Baius; reformed the Breviary and the Missal; excommunicated Queen Elizabeth; and proclaimed the supremacy of the see in his Bull In Coena Domini. Feast, Roman Calendar, May 5,.