The physicians of Salerno were celebrated in the 9th century, but fuller accounts of its medical school date from the 11th. Opinions differ as to its origin, some maintaining it to be of secular foundation while others declare that it was founded by the Benedictines of Monte Cassino under Abbot Constantine the African. The school enjoyed autonomy, and in 1231Frederick II ordered that Salerno should be the only school of medicine and that no one should practise without the approval of its professors. It flourished during the Spanish and Bourbon dynasties but was suppressed in 1811.
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