Crosses engraved on boundary stones are mentioned as early as 807; and standing crosses for the same purposes are frequently alluded to in old English cartularies. Near Hereford there is a good example, of the 14th century. At Bury and Beverley, the whole precihct was distinguished at the cardinal points of the compass by tall crosses. In Cornwall and the Isle of Man crosses are very common; in the former region they sometimes have a rounded head. One at Towednack has a curious double-incised cross, like a patriarchal cross, which may mark the boundary of a religious house. St. Burian's has a church-yard cross of the 13th or 14th century; and at a little distance a sanctuary cross, with a crucifix. At Battel, as late as the 17th century, the boundaries were marked by watch crosses. There is a wayside cross, of the 14th century, in Burleigh Park.
The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature was edited by John McClintock and James Strong. It contains nearly 50,000 articles pertaining to Biblical and other religious literature, people, creeds, etc. It is a fantastic research tool for broad Christian study.
John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.WikipediaRead More