Duke (from the Latin dux, a leader) stands in our version for two Hebrews terms: אִלּוּŠ (see a dissertation on this word by Sprenger, in the Zeitschr. f. deutsch. nmorgen. Gesellschvft, XII, 2:316), alluph', a leader, which, besides its ordinary sense of guide or friend, is used technically of the phylarch, or head of a tribe or nation, especially of the Edomitish chieftains (Ge 36:15-43; Ex 15:15; 1Ch 1:51-54), rarely of the Jews ("governor," Zec 9:7; Zec 12:5-6), and once of chiefs in general ("captain," Jer 13:21); also נָסַיך, nasik', one anointed (usually in poetry), spoken of the magnates of Sihon, perhaps by a paraphrase for that king himself (Jos 13:21), elsewhere of other "princes" (Ps 83:11; Eze 32:30; Da 11:8; "principal men," Mic 5:5).
The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature was edited by John McClintock and James Strong. It contains nearly 50,000 articles pertaining to Biblical and other religious literature, people, creeds, etc. It is a fantastic research tool for broad Christian study.
John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.WikipediaRead More