Engrave (פָּתִח, pathach', to open, hence [in Piel] to carve or grave, whether on wood, gems, or stone; thrice חָרָשׁ, charash', Ex 28:11; Ex 35:35; Ex 38:23, elsewhere artificer in general; έντυπόω, 2Co 3:7). The latter term, חָרָשׁ, so translated in the A.V., applies broadly to any artficer, whether in wood, stone, or metal: to restrict it to the engraver in Ex 35:35; Ex 38:23, is improper: a similar latitude must be given to the other term פַּתֵּחִ, which expresses the operation of the artificer; in Zec 3:9, ordinary stone-cutting is evidently intended. The specific description of an engraver was חָרִשׁ אֶבֶן (Ex 28:11), lit. a stone- graver, and his chief business was cutting names or devices on rings and seals; the only notices of engraving are in connection with the high-priest's dress, — the two onyx-stones, the twelve jewels, and the mitre-plate having inscriptions on them (Ex 28:11,21,36). The previous notices of signets (Ge 38:18; Ge 41:42) imply engraving. The art was widely spread throfighout the nations of antiquity (For. Quar. Rev. 26:32, 27:40), particularly among the Egyptians (Diod. 1:78; Wilkinson, 3:373), the Ethiopians (Her. 7:69), and the Indians (Von Bohlen, Indien, 2:122). SEE GRAVING.
The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature was edited by John McClintock and James Strong. It contains nearly 50,000 articles pertaining to Biblical and other religious literature, people, creeds, etc. It is a fantastic research tool for broad Christian study.
John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.WikipediaRead More