Hug, Johann Leonhard an eminent German Roman Catholic theologian, was born at Constance June , 1765, and educated at Freiburg University. In 1789 he took priest's orders, and in 1791 was appointed professor of Old-Testament exegesis at his alma mater. In 1792 the New-Testament exegesis was added to the duties of his chair. To fit himself more thoroughly for his professional duties, he visited the great libraries and universities of Central Europe. Though a Roman Catholic, he was too well acquainted with sacred criticism, and, like the celebrated Dr. Jahn, too impartial to be very greatly influenced in his views as a Biblical scholar and critic by his ecclesiastical connections. He wrote Erfindung d. Buchstabenschrift (Ulm, 1801) — Einleitung in d. Schriften d. Neuen Testaments (Stuttg. 1808, 2 vols.; 4th ed. 1847). This work, in which he attempts to vindicate and sustain the genuineness of all the-books commonly regarded as canonical, has been translated into French and English (Introduction to the New Testament, by Wait, London 1827,2 vols. 8vo; far better by Fosdick, Andover, Mass., 8vo), and is considered one of the ablest works of the kind. Untersuchungen über den Mythus d. berühmtesten Völker d. alten Welt (Freib. 1812) — Ueber d. Hohe Lied (ibid. 1813-1818) — De conjugii Christiani vinculo indissolubili comment. exeget. (ib. 1816), in which he took ground against civil marriages — Katechismus (ib. 1836) — De Pentateuchi versione Alexandrina comment. (ib. 1818) — Gutachten über d. Leben Jesu von D. F. Strauss (ib. 1840-1844, 2 vols.). Hug was also one of the editors, with Hirscher (q.v.) and others, of the Freiburger Zeitschrift für Theologie (Bonn, 1839-42). See Maier, Gedächtnissrede auf Hug (Freiburg, 1847); Real Encyklop. d. Kathol. Deutschland, 5:518 sq.; Herzog, Real-Encyklopadie, 19, 658; Chambers, Cyclopedia, 5:449 sq.; Kitto, Bibl. Cyclop. 2, 340; Haag, Hist. d. Dogmas Chret. 1, § 112;
Werner, Geschichte d. Katholischen Theol. p. 527 sq.; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Géneralé. 25, 400. (J. H. W.)
The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature was edited by John McClintock and James Strong. It contains nearly 50,000 articles pertaining to Biblical and other religious literature, people, creeds, etc. It is a fantastic research tool for broad Christian study.
John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.WikipediaRead More