Victor IV
popes.
1. The successor of Anacletus II (died 1138 ) who was previously cardinal Gregory Conti, but who, after a reign of two months, was induced by Bernard of Clairvaux to give place to the more powerful Innocent II (q.v.; and comp. Petr. Diacon., in the Chronicles Casin. 4:130).
2. Antipope against Alexander III. He was previously a cardinal, Octavianus. Enthroned in 1159, he was recognised and protected by the emperor Frederick Barbarossa and endorsed by the synods of Pavia in 1160 and of Lodi in 1161, but never equalled his rival in ecclesiastical power or in moral influence. He died in 1164 at Lucca, and was followed by Paschal III. See Von Raumer, Hohenstaufen, 2, 123 sq.; Reuter, Gesch. Alexander's III u. d. Kirche s. Zeit, 1, 129, 401 sq.; Herzog, Real- Encyklop. s.v.
The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature was edited by John McClintock and James Strong. It contains nearly 50,000 articles pertaining to Biblical and other religious literature, people, creeds, etc. It is a fantastic research tool for broad Christian study.
John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.WikipediaRead More