Appetite

ap´ē̇ -tı̄t ( חי , ḥai , נפשׁ , nephesh ): This word occurs four times in Old Testament text and once in the King James Version margin. Once (Job 38:39 ) it is a translation of ḥai , "life"; "Canst thou ... satisfy the appetite (life) of the young lions?" Twice (Proverbs 23:2; Ecclesiastes 6:7; also Isaiah 56:11 , the King James Version margin) it is a translation of nephesh ̌ : Proverbs 23:2 , ba‛al nephesh "a man given to appetite"; Ecclesiastes 6:7 , "the nephesh is not filled." In Isaiah 56:11 , "strong of nephesh ̌ " is translated "greedy." Nephesh means originally "breath," hence "the soul," psuchḗ , "the vital principle," "life"; therefore in certain expressions referring to the sustaining of life the nephesh hungers (Proverbs 10:3 ), thirsts (Proverbs 25:25 ), fasts (Psalm 69:10 ). Nephesh then comes to mean the seat of the senses, affections, emotions, and to it is ascribed love, joy, desire (compare Deuteronomy 12:20; Proverbs 6:30 the Revised Version, margin; Micah 7:1 , where the nephesh "desires"). The idea of desire or appetite of the nephesh may include all forms of longing; e.g. lust (Jeremiah 2:24; "her desire" is literally "the desire of her nephesh ̌ "), the appetite for revenge (Psalm 41:2 , "the will of his enemies" is literally "the nephesh ," etc.). The next step is to identify the nephesh with its desire, hence in the cases above nephesh is translated "appetite." In the 4th case (Isaiah 29:8 ) "His soul hath appetite" is a free translation of naphshō shōḳēḳāh , literally "His soul runneth to and fro."