kon -found ´: The physical origin of spiritual terms is well illustrated by the principal Hebrew words for "confounded" (rendered also "ashamed," etc.); בּושׁ , bōsh , is "to become pale" (2 Kings 19:26; Job 6:20; Psalm 83:17; Psalm 129:5 the King James Version; Isaiah 19:9 , etc.); חפר , ḥāphēr , "to become red" (Psalm 35:4; Isaiah 1:29; Isaiah 24:23 , "the moon shall be confounded," Micah 3:7 ); יבשׁ , yābhash , "to be dried up" (Jeremiah 46:24 the King James Version; Jeremiah 48:1 , Jeremiah 48:20 the King James Version; Jeremiah 50:2 the King James Version; Zechariah 10:5 ); כּלם , kalam , "to blush" (Psalm 69:6 the King James Version; Isaiah 41:11 , etc.). In Genesis 11:7 , Genesis 11:9 , of the confusion of tongues, the word is בּלל , balal , "to mix," "mingle." In Jeremiah 1:17 the King James Version it is חתת , ḥāthath , "to bring or put down."
In New Testament, kataischúnō , "to put to shame" (1 Corinthians 1:27 the King James Version; 1 Peter 2:6 the King James Version); and sugchúnō , "to pour together," "bewilder" (Acts 2:6; Acts 9:22 ). the Revised Version (British and American) frequently gives "ashamed" and "put to shame" instead of "confounded."
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE) was edited by James Orr, John Nuelsen, Edgar Mullins, Morris Evans, and Melvin Grove Kyle and was published complete in 1939. This web site includes the complete text.
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