foot´stool ( כּבשׂ , kebhes ; ὑποπόδιον , hupopódion , "trodden on"): The 15 Scripture references to this term may be classified as literal or figurative. Of the former are the two passages: 2 Chronicles 9:18 and James 2:3 . In these the footstool was a sort of step or support for the feet placed before the throne or any pretentious seat.
Of figurative uses, there are the following groups: (1) Of the earth: Isaiah 66:1; Matthew 5:35; Acts 7:49 . (2) Of the ark: 1 Chronicles 28:2 . (3) Of the Temple: Psalm 99:5; Psalm 132:7; Lamentations 2:1; compare Isaiah 60:13 . (4) Of heathen enemies subdued by the Messianic King: Psalm 110:1; Matthew 22:44 the King James Version; Mark 12:36; Luke 20:43; Acts 2:35; Hebrews 1:13; Hebrews 10:13 . Thus the uses of this term are mainly metaphorical and symbolic of subjection, either to God as universal Lord or to God's Son as King by redemptive right. Compare 1 Corinthians 15:25-27 , in which all things, including death, are represented as subject to Christ and placed beneath His feet.
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE) was edited by James Orr, John Nuelsen, Edgar Mullins, Morris Evans, and Melvin Grove Kyle and was published complete in 1939. This web site includes the complete text.
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