The contents of the 12-volume Jewish Encyclopedia, which was originally published between 1901-1906. The Jewish Encyclopedia, which recently became part of the public domain, contains over 15,000 articles and illustrations.

The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia, prepared by more than four hundred scholars and specalists, was a descriptive record of the history, religion, literature and customs of the Jewish people from the earliest times to the present day.

The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia 

A framework consisting of one or more upright posts supporting a cross-beam, and used for executing those sentenced to death by hanging. In the Hebrew Bible <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/2wBDAAQDAwQDAwQEBAQFBQQFBwsHBwYGBw4KCggLEA4RERAOEA8SFBoWEhMYEw8QFh8XGBsbHR0dERYgIh8cIhocHRz/wAALCAAOAA8BAREA/8QAFwAAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwQGCP/EACMQAAEEAgIBBQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBhEAE0ESFCIxMnH/2gAIAQEAAD8A1ddys2dyy4q6O5qPzBlxWZEZRVGa7CJCVqH2FhB9PkHgMSt8rlZU1Xzb6umRokiyRMYTF63+pLiBGJ0fiQD/ABQO+XUagSzk0+97iVS4jEXr1+Q2pxW9+d9nEMXwChwlydIrIavfWKguZMkOqefkqH0VuLJJ145//9k=" style="vertical-align:text-bottom;"> (="tree") is the word. used for "gallows" (Gen. 19; Deuteronomy 21:22; Joshua 8:29, 10:26; Esther 2:23, 5:14, 6:4). The "tree" or gallows erected by Haman, and upon which he himself died, is described as fifty cubits high (Esther 7:9,10); probably it was a stake on which the culprit was impaled (see Haley, "Esther," pp. 122 et seq.), corresponding to the "zeá¸³ifa" of the later Hebrew (comp. Meg. 16b; B. M. 83b), which was certainly a simple stake. In the Mishnah (Sanh. 6:3) the gallows is described as in two parts: <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/2wBDAAQDAwQDAwQEAwQFBAQFBgoHBgYGBg0JCggKDw0QEA8NDw4RExgUERIXEg4PFRwVFxkZGxsbEBQdHx0aHxgaGxr/wAALCAANABkBAREA/8QAGQAAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUDBAcI/8QAJxAAAQQBAwIGAwAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBAUABhESEyIHFSEjUnExU2L/2gAIAQEAAD8A6ds7TWKL+ZZ1Gr686djX8aufrZVJ7jYW402tKXw6P2gglOE1fiTSsz66TqminT3q52ZWy/JVsBtUd1rmh5AdUFJWhzbdPEpwn6g1a3fM21RfVL9EqdAiu0r9cUvkvIaKw1IC+4hLvVHZ8hmw5SNXCUlSDFY4qfTIUOmPV0KCgs/0CAd/z6ZI/DYkK3faQ4emtvdSQexW3JP0dhv9Yug6Zrq2wlT40dIkvqSeRA9sBtDfFHxHFpOOs//Z" style="vertical-align:text-bottom;">, the upright, which was firmly fixed in the ground; and <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/2wBDAAQDAwQDAwQEAwQFBAQFBgoHBgYGBg0JCggKDw0QEA8NDw4RExgUERIXEg4PFRwVFxkZGxsbEBQdHx0aHxgaGxr/wAALCAAOAA4BAREA/8QAFgABAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgYI/8QAJRAAAgICAQMDBQAAAAAAAAAAAgMBBAUGABETIRJSYQcVIjFR/9oACAEBAAA/ANVKbvt3ZcjQo53EnWo7ADGwVMoMMaxHXsTP6lsEcEM/yPPB9NsntmTyFQc/naWWrpw3pviqj2Ti7FpoCcx1/GZACEh9weOWNTXSq39ney2wfvbRYEpn0EgRrrV4n3dRkon54tR0jCaRWs19dqEgrbe/be1pOdZbPiTYw5kjL5mef//Z" style="vertical-align:text-bottom;">, the transverse beam (<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="vertical-align:text-bottom;"> in the commentaries), from which the condemned was suspended by the hands. This contrivance was not employed to kill by strangulation. According to R. Jose, the post must not be fixed in the ground, but must be rested obliquely against a wall, and be buried immediately with the, body of the executed. The consensus of authorities does not favor Jose's interpretation of the law, but holds that the gallows may rest in the ground, though it must not be permanently fixed, a new post being erected on each occasion (see <a href="crucifixion.html">CRUCIFIXION</a>).<div class="right-side italic fs-13">E. G. H.</div>

The contents of the 12-volume Jewish Encyclopedia, which was originally published between 1901-1906. The Jewish Encyclopedia, which recently became part of the public domain, contains over 15,000 articles and illustrations.



Gallows

The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia

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