Exodus 21:20-36

Geneva Study Bible - Exodus 21:34

21:34 The owner of the pit shall {y} make [it] good, [and] give money unto the owner of them; and the dead [beast] shall be his.(y) This law forbids not only to hurt, but to beware lest any be hurt. read more

L.M. Grant

L. M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

RESPONSIBILITIES OF MASTERS (vs.1-11) Moses is now given an expanded view of the law on Chapters 21-23. Special duties of masters are first considered. They may think they have full authority over their slaves, but they must first remember God's authority over themselves. For God decidedly limits their authority over slaves. It was permissible to buy a Hebrew slave. Sometimes one would become so poor as to sell himself to another (Leviticus 25:39), but his master was to strictly observe... read more

James Gray

James Gray's Concise Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-36

THE CIVIL CODE The ten commandments constitute the moral law, a perfect rule of duty for all men and everywhere. But the “judgments” (Exodus 21:1 ) that follow are an application of those commandments to Israel in the peculiar circumstances of their history at that time and when they should inhabit Canaan. The ten commandments, let us say, represent the constitution of the United States, and the judgments the legislative enactments based thereon by Congress. The three chapters now entered... read more

Joseph Parker

The People's Bible by Joseph Parker - Exodus 21:1-36

Bye-laws Exodus 21-23 Amongst these bye-laws there are some sayings which may be considered hard, and on reading them we may ask in almost plaintive and despairing tones, "Who is sufficient for these things?" There are also some out-of-the-way responsibilities, which only Divine wisdom and justice could in the then state of society have imposed. We must not permit ourselves to lose the religious philosophy and the religious beneficence of the Mosaic legislation by going back upon it with our... read more

Robert Hawker

Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary - Exodus 21:18-21

The apostle hath the best comment upon these precepts. Ephesians 6:9; Ephesians 6:9 . read more

Robert Hawker

Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary - Exodus 21:22-27

The gospel sums up these things in a comprehensive manner. Colossians 3:25 . And our dear Lord folds up the sense of those relative duties, in his unequalled language, Matthew 5:38-39 . read more

Robert Hawker

Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary - Exodus 21:28-36

Observe, from those laws, how offensive in the sight of God blood-shedding is, even when committed by the unconscious brute, as well as by rational creatures. read more

Robert Hawker

Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary - Exodus 21:36

REFLECTIONS WHAT a holy, pure, and undefiled religion is that which carries with it evidences of its divine origin and authority, in attending to the most minute circumstances of what is right and just. And what a gracious, merciful, compassionate, and ever-attentive God to the happiness of his creation, must the Lord our God be, who thus enjoins a system of laws, the very observance of which promotes universal welfare. Oh! my God, dispose my heart by thy grace to works of love and tenderness,... read more

George Haydock

George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:21

Money, which purchased the slave. Hence, as he will be punished in some degree, and it is not absolutely certain that the slave died of his wounds, his master shall not be put to death. "They are slaves, (says Seneca, ep. 47,) but they are our fellow-slaves. " We have one common origin, and one master over us all, Job xxxi. 13. (Haydock) --- Many nations tolerated the murder of slaves by their masters. But this was contrary to reason and humanity, (Calmet) and condemned by many of the Roman... read more

George Haydock

George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:22

But live herself. So Josephus also reads, Antiquities iv. 8. But Philo and the Septuagint have, "of a child unformed;" and ver. 23, "But if the child be formed, ( exeikonismenon, animated and organized) he shall give soul for soul;" as if all were referred to the child, which the Vulgate explains of the mother. To destroy the life of either was punished with death. "She who first taught the art of expelling the tender f'9ctus, deserved to perish by his own malice." (Ovid) (Calmet) --- The... read more

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