matthew-20:1-16-asv

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:2

Fair labour agreements. Van Lennep describes the Eastern customs to which our Lord alludes in this parable. "During the whole season when vineyards may be dug, the common workmen go very early in the morning to the sook, or marketplace of the village or city, where comestibles are sold. While 'waiting to be hired,' they take their morning cup of coffee, and eat a morsel of bread. The owners of vineyards come to the place and engage the number of labourers they need. These immediately go to... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:3

The third hour. It seems that at this time the Jews divided the day, reckoned between sunrise and sunset, into twelve equal parts, the length of these divisions varying according to the season. The day in Palestine at longest consisted of fourteen European hours twelve minutes, and at shortest of nine hours forty-eight minutes, so that the difference between the longest and shortest division of the so called Jewish "hour" was twenty-two minutes. It is usual to consider the Hebrew day as... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:4

Ye also; implying that he had already set some to work at fixed wages. Whatsoever is right ( δι ì καιον ); just and fair. He offers these no definite sum as remuneration, assuring them only that he will deal equitably with them; i . e . doubtless, according to their view, that he will give them three quarters of a day's wages, paying them pro rata . But at the end he treats them much more generously. Lightfoot notes that the Talmudists had tracts on the payment and... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:5

Sixth and ninth hour. At midday and 3 p.m., which would give respectively about half a day's and a quarter of a day's work. read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:6

The eleventh hour; the hour before sunset, say about 5 p.m., leaving only one hour for work, when it would be most unusual to engage labourers. Idle . The word is omitted in some manuscripts. There is some reproach in the master's question. Where were they earlier in the day, when he was hiring labourers for his vineyard? Why were they not in the marketplace, like their comrades, looking out for employment? Such questions, like many, others in the parable, are left unanswered. We see ... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:6

The eleventh hour a type of old age. This treatment illustrates the suggestiveness of Scripture figures. They start thought on lines that lead away from their immediate connections. I. AT THE ELEVENTH HOUR THERE IS STILL WORK TO BE DONE . Froude says, "Beautiful is old age—beautiful as the slow dropping mellow autumn of a rich and glorious summer. In the old man Nature has fulfilled her work; she loads him with her blessings; she fills him with the fruits of a well... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:6

The social difficulty of the workless. Civilization works cruelly for some classes of society. It improves the condition of the few; it multiplies the miseries of the many. One thing it does—gathers great masses of people into the cities, where the demand for workers must be limited, and the thousands must be "workless." Scatter the people over the land, and every man can find work which will provide him with a simple living. Mass the people in a few centres, and, as they cannot earn by... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:7

No man hath hired us. A poor excuse, because, had they been at their post earlier, work would have been offered them. Go ye also into the vineyard. The householder accepts the excuse, and, now that they are desiring to labour, engages them as the others, promising to give them what is fair. Their present willingness seems to compensate for their previous tardiness. The clause, "whatsoever is right," etc., is omitted by some good manuscripts, the Vulgate, and other versions. Thus no mention... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:8

When even was come. According to Mosaic Law ( Deuteronomy 24:15 ), a hired labourer was to be paid his wages at sunset, i . e . at the twelfth hour. Steward . The lord himself is said to have hired the labourers, but he commits the payment of them to his steward, as his representative, to whom such matters of detail were entrusted. From the last. Those last hired were first to receive their hire ( το Ì ν μισθο ì ν ) , that which it had been agreed to pay them,... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:9

They received every man a penny. The steward, of course, was acting according to his master's instructions (though nothing is said of any previous orders on the subject) when he thus bounteously remunerated those that had been hired at the eleventh hour. Some commentators have endeavoured to show that the "penny" allotted to each set differed greatly in value; but this is an unwarrantable conjecture, and it is indispensable to the purport of the parable that the wages should be alike to all. read more

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:2

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:3

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:4

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:5

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:6

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:6

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:6

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:7

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:8

The Pulpit Commentary - Matthew 20:9

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