Rests (373) (anapauo from ana = again, back, or even as intensifying the meaning of the verb + pauo = to cease or give rest) means (1) to cause someone to gain relief (by resting), refreshment, intermission from toil ( LXX use = 1Chr 22:18, Mt 11:28, 1Co 16:18, 2Co 7:13, Philemon 1:7, 20) (2) in the middle voice meaning to take bodily rest, as in sleep (Mt 26:45, Mk 14:41, 6:31 Septuagint - LXX use = Ex 23:12) and (3) to rest upon an object (1Pe 4:14).
In general terms, anapauo can refer to:
(1) Physical rest - As when one gains relief from a busy time by resting as in Mk 6:31. When Judas came to betray Jesus, He questioned why His disciples were resting (asleep, Mt 26:45, Mk 14:41).
(2) Spiritual rest - As in Mt 11:28. In a sense the resting of the Spirit upon believers (1Pe 4:14) is a metaphorical description of His presence with the believer who believers who are suffering for Christ. In His parable of the rich farmer (Lk 12:16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23), Jesus contrasts rest with anxiety about this life and its attendant fear of being without earthly possessions (which usually end up "possessing" the possessor!). In the parable, the "certain rich man" thought that he could "rest" in the fact that he had earthly goods, but Jesus shattered this false hope (for him and for all who trust in earthly possessions) by pointing out that true rest comes from knowing that the Father in heaven cares for us (Lk 12:24) 28, 30, 31) and will provide all we need (cp Php 4:19). This idea of spiritual rest is also seen in the refreshment (refresh in English = to restore or give new strength or energy to, to invigorate, to relieve after fatigue, to reanimate after depression, to revive what is drooping, to restore or maintain by renewing supply) in one's life by other believers (1Co 16:17, 18, 2Co 7:13, Philemon 1:7, 20). Does your presence refresh the saints or exhaust the saints?
To review anapauo means to rest or take a rest in a physical sense or also means to cause to rest, to calm, to give "inner" rest, to comfort or to refresh.
Anapauo can mean to permit one to cease from labor in order to recover and collect his or her strength.
Moulton and Milligan write that "The verb is a technical term of agriculture in P Tebt I. 10523 (B.C. 103), to rest land by sowing light crops upon it.
Note that anapauo can mean to rest inwardly, but not necessarily from a cessation of work as is expressed by katapauo [word study].
Anapauo is found in a manuscript of 103BC as a technical term in agriculture. The writer speaks of a farmer resting his land by sowing light crops upon it. He relieved the land of the necessity of producing heavy crops, and thus gave it an opportunity to recuperate its strength.
TDNT = “To cause to cease”; b. “to give rest,” “refresh”; c. “to rest”; d. “to remain at rest”; e. “to rest on.” In the NT the word can mean bodily rest (c), as in Mk. 6:31, but more commonly it denotes refreshment (b), as in 1Co 16:18. In Revelation it has an eschatological reference, “to rest from labor” (b) in 14:13, and “to tarry,” i.e., await (d) in 6:11. God’s Spirit is the subject in 1 Pet. 4:14: “to rest on” (e). Christ’s saving work is to give rest (b) in Mt. 11:28. (Kittel, G., Friedrich, G., & Bromiley, G. W. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Eerdmans)
Wuest = Anapausis, from anapauo, implies the pause or cessation from labor (Re 4:8); it is the constant word in the Septuagint for the rest of the Sabbath; thus Ex. 16:23, 31:15, 35:2, and often....The verb anapauo which is of the same root, means, “to cause or permit one to cease from any movement or labor in order to recover and collect his strength, to give rest, refresh, to give one’s self rest, to take rest”..... (Commenting on 1Pe 4:14 Wuest writes) Not only is the fact of persecution an indication of a spiritually prosperous life, but also of the fact that the Holy Spirit is resting upon the Christian. The words “rest upon” are the translation of a Greek word used in a manuscript of 103 B.C. as a technical term in agriculture. The writer speaks of a farmer resting his land by sowing light crops upon it. He relieved the land of the necessity of producing heavy crops, and thus gave it an opportunity to recuperate its strength. The word is used in Matthew 11:28 where our Lord says, “Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest,” literally, “and I will rest you.” Here our Lord causes the sinner who comes to Him to cease from his own efforts at carrying his load of guilt and suffering, taking it upon Himself, allowing the believer in his new life powers to function as a child of God. In our First Peter passage, the Holy Spirit rests and refreshes the believer in the sense that He takes over the saint’s battle with sin and the heretofore futile effort at living a life pleasing to God, by giving him victory over the evil nature whose power was broken the moment God saved him, and by producing in his life His own fruit. The Spirit of the Glory, even the Spirit of God, is resting with refreshing power upon the child of God, causing him to live a life which pleases God and toward which the world hurls its venom and hate. The words “on their part he is evil spoken of, but on your part he is glorified,” while true, do not appear in the best Greek texts, and are not therefore thought to be part of the original manuscript that left the hands of Peter. We have therefore not included them in the translation. (Wuest, K. S. Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: Eerdmans)
NIDNTT - In classic Greek anapauo is used in its active form for: (a) make to cease, bring to an end, stop or hinder from something (Homer, Il. 17, 550); (b) to rest (trans.), make to halt, refresh (Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7, 1, 4). In middle and passive voices it means to cease, take rest from, recover, come to rest (Plato, Critias 106a); later also, to die. Thus the expression to take one’s rest can be used of the dead (cf. IG 14, 1717). katapauo means to stop, put an end to; with reference to persons, to put an end to, hinder, depose, kill (Homer, Il. 16, 618; thus often with an unpleasant undertone); but also, to appease, calm (Homer, Od. 4, 583). In Judaism the term was taken up in the sense of to give someone a good rest (LXX). anapausis in classic Greek. meant repose, relaxation, recreation, a rest from something. (Brown, Colin, Editor. New International Dictionary of NT Theology. 1986. Zondervan or Computer version)
Anapauo - 12x in 12v - NAS = give...rest(1), refresh(1), refreshed(3), rest(3), resting(2), rests(1), take your ease(1).
Matthew 11:28 "Come (Deute - adverb functioning as aorist imperative in the 2nd person plural -- you plural) to Me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest. (Literally = “and I will rest you.”)
Comment: In Mt 11:28 our Lord causes the sinner who comes to Him to cease from his own efforts at carrying his load of guilt and suffering, taking it upon Himself, allowing the believer in his new life powers to function as a child of God -- this is the essence of entering Christ's glorious rest.
Larry Richards - The image is of one person in harness with another, the two tied in tandem as two draft animals were tied, in order that they might work together. In the context of Scripture, human beings always find themselves yoked. Most commonly the yoke involves slavery. In Mt 11, as well as Acts 15 and Gal 5:1, the yoke is the law, which humanity experiences as an unbearable burden. Jesus' invitation was for people to commit themselves to him. Paradoxically, when we are bound to Jesus, we can experience rest. (Richards, L O: Expository Dictionary of Bible Words: Regency or Computer Version - New International Encyclopedia of Bible Words)
Matthew 26:45 Then He came to the disciples and said to them, "Are you still sleeping and resting? Behold, the hour is at hand and the Son of Man is being betrayed into the hands of sinners.
Mark 6:31 And He said to them, "Come away by yourselves to a secluded place and rest a while." (For there were many people coming and going, and they did not even have time to eat.)
Comment: Ralph Earle - The verb anapauo is an intensive form of pauo, which in the middle voice means "cease, leave off." The compound (in mid.) means "take rest." The disciples were so busy they needed to cease their activity for a while. (Earle, R. Word Meanings in the New Testament)
Mark 14:41 And He came the third time, and said to them, "Are you still sleeping and resting? It is enough; the hour has come; behold, the Son of Man is being betrayed into the hands of sinners.
Luke 12:19 'And I will say to my soul, "Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years to come; take your ease, eat, drink and be merry."'
1Corinthians 16:18 For they have refreshed my spirit and yours. Therefore acknowledge such men.
2Corinthians 7:13 For this reason we have been comforted. And besides our comfort, we rejoiced even much more for the joy of Titus, because his spirit has been refreshed by you all.
Comment: MacArthur - refers here to temporary relief as opposed to a permanent peace (cf. Matt. 26:45; Mark 6:31; 14:41; Luke 12:19; Rev. 6:11). Though he was overjoyed at what had transpired in Corinth, Paul was wise enough to realize that pockets of dissent still existed. In fact, he addressed those dissenters later in this epistle. But for the moment, there was a truce involving the majority of the Corinthians.
Philemon 1:7 For I have come to have much joy and comfort in your love, because the hearts of the saints have been refreshed through you, brother.
Philemon 1:20 Yes, brother, let me benefit from you in the Lord; refresh my heart in Christ.
1Peter 4:14-note If you are reviled for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.
Revelation 6:11-note And there was given to each of them a white robe; and they were told that they should rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, would be completed also.
Comment: These saints who most likely represent Tribulation martyrs (Notice why they were martyred! Re 6:9 - Should we even in this present God hating, evil age expect a bed of ease when we choose to hold fast to and uncompromisingly proclaim the Word of Truth? Dear tried and tested and suffering saint, hold fast the Word of Life, for the day of your vindication draweth nigh and will surely come!) are told to rest a while longer as they wait for Christ's triumphant return and their vindication.
Guzik: We usually don’t think of God’s people crying out for vengeance, but they make their cry to God, and leave the matter with Him. When God’s people are persecuted, He will set it right. It isn’t wrong for God’s people to ask Him to do what He promised to do. So the blood of Abel cried out from the ground for vengeance (Ge 4:10), as did the blood of unavenged murders in the land of Israel (Nu 35:33).
Levy: These are believers who received the Lord during the first half of the Tribulation (Mt 24:9, 13,14) but were martyred for their confession and commitment to Christ (Re 7:14). They are pictured “under the altar” in God’s heavenly Temple without their resurrected bodies. (Levy, D. M. Revelation: Hearing the Last Word: The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry)
Revelation 14:13-note And I heard a voice from heaven, saying, "Write, 'Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on!'" "Yes," says the Spirit, "so that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow with them."
Comment: Tony Garland - Immediately upon death, all those of the faith obtain rest (Is 57:1; Da 12:13; Lk 23:43). This book stands in complete agreement with the teaching of Paul: “We are confident, yes, well pleased rather to be absent from the body and to be present with the Lord” (2Co 5:8); “For I am hard-pressed between the two, having a desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better” (Php 1:23). The martyrs attending the opening of the fifth seal are found under the altar in heaven (Re 6:9). The ones coming out of the Great Tribulation are immediately before the throne of God (Re 7:14). Those who overcome the Beast and his image (by death) are seen straightway in heaven (Re 15:1, 2, 3). (A Testimony of Jesus Christ)
Anapauo - 62x in the Septuagint - LXX - Ge 29:2; 49.14" class="scriptRef">49:14; Ex 23:12; Lev 25:2; Nu 24:9; Dt 5:14; 28:65; 20" class="scriptRef">20" class="scriptRef">33:20; 1Sa 16:16; 7.11" class="scriptRef">2Sa 7:11; 22.18" class="scriptRef">18" class="scriptRef">1Ki 5:18; 1Chr 22:9, 18; Neh 9:28; Esther 9:16, 17" class="scriptRef">17, 18, 22; Pr 21:16, 20; 29:17; Eccl 7:9; Job 2:9; 3:13, 17, 26; 10:20; 13:13; 32:20; Mic 4:4; Hab 3:16; Zech 6:8; Is 7:19; 11:2; 13:20, 21; 14:1, 4, 7, 30; 27:10; 32:16, 18; 34:14, 17; 57:15, 20; Jer 29:6; 30:29; 31:11; 49:10; Lam 5:5; Ezek 16:42; 17:23; 31:13; 34:14, 15; Da 12:13.
Anapauo is used in the LXX to translate up to 14 different Hebrew verbs. The most common of these is nuach (0513.17" class="scriptRef">17), rest, repose, be quiet, and in the trans. forms to lay down, let remain, leave. nuach occurs in the following passages: Ex. 23:12; Deut. 5:14; 2 Sam. 7:11; 1Ki. 5:4; 1Chr. 22:9, 18; Neh. 9:28; Esther 9:22; Job 3:13, 17, 6" class="scriptRef">26; Pr 21:16; 29:17; Eccl. 7:9; Hab 3:16; Zech. 6:8; Isa 7:19; 11:2; 14:1, 3, 6; 32:18; Lam 5:5; Da. 12:13.
In this First Peter passage, the Holy Spirit rests and refreshes the believer in the sense that He takes over the saint’s battle with sin and the natural man's futile attempts to live a life pleasing to God, by giving him victory over the evil nature whose power was broken the moment God saved him, and by producing in his life His own fruit (cp Ro 8:13-note, Jn 6:63, 2Co 3:5, 6, Gal 5:16-note, Gal 5:17-note, Gal 5:18-note, Gal 5:25-note, Eph 5:18-note).
MacArthur - Refreshment comes on those believers who suffer for the sake of the Savior and the gospel. The Spirit gives them grace by imparting endurance, understanding, and all the fruit that comes in the panoply of His goodness: “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law” (Gal 5:22-note, Gal 5:23-note). (MacArthur, J. 1Peter. Chicago: Moody Press)
The Spirit of the Glory, even the Spirit of God, is resting with refreshing power upon the child of God, causing him to live a life which pleases God and toward which the world hurls its venom and hate.
The Holy Spirit rests upon the reviled Christian much as the Shekinah (Shekinah glory cloud) rested on the Tabernacle in the wilderness and later on Solomon's Temple. (See also: SHEKINAH - preceptaustin or SHEKINAH GLORY)
The Holy Spirit will help you die if that is what you are called to do. He will stand by you when there is no one else. He will sustain your faith. He will give you glimpses of glory as He did Stephen as he was being stoned (see above). He will cause you to magnify Christ in your death. Courage which you never thought was possible will be yours. The Spirit of glory and of God will rest upon you and carry you home.
This encouraging, soul sustaining truth of the Spirit giving aid and comfort in the time of death is illustrated by the story of Thomas Hauker (England, 1555) who was appointed by God to die for His faith...
"Thomas", his friend lowered his voice so as not to be heard by the guard. "I have to ask you a favor. I need to know if what the others say about the grace of God is true. Tomorrow, when they burn you at the stake, if the pain is tolerable and your mind is still at peace, lift your hands above your head. Do it right before you die. Thomas I HAVE to know."
Thomas Hauker whispered to his friend, "I will."
The next morning, Hauker was bound to the stake and the fire was lit. The fire burned a long time, but Hauker remained motionless. His skin was burnt to a crisp and his fingers were gone. Everyone watching supposed he was dead. Suddenly, miraculously, Hauker lifted his hands, still on fire, over his head. He reached them up to the living God and then, with great rejoicing, clapped them together three times. The people there broke into shouts of praise and applause. Hauker's friend had his answer."
Peter is saying that suffering Christians do not have to wait for heaven in order to experience His glory. Through the Holy Spirit, they can have the glory now. This explains how martyrs like Thomas Hauker could sing praises to God while bound in the midst of blazing flames (a literal "fiery ordeal"!). It also explains how persecuted Christians (and there are many in today’s world - see Voice of the Martyrs) can go to prison and to death without complaining or resisting their captors.
When the three Hebrew children went into the fiery furnace, they had faith that God could deliver them.
Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego answered and said to the king, "O Nebuchadnezzar, we do not need to give you an answer concerning this matter. 17 "If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the furnace of blazing fire; and He will deliver us out of your hand, O king. 18 "But even if He does not, let it be known to you, O king, that we are not going to serve your gods or worship the golden image that you have set up." 19 Then Nebuchadnezzar was filled with wrath, and his facial expression was altered toward Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego. He answered by giving orders to heat the furnace seven times more than it was usually heated. ... 24 Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astounded and stood up in haste; he responded and said to his high officials, "Was it not three men we cast bound into the midst of the fire?" They answered and said to the king, "Certainly, O king."25 He answered and said, "Look! I see four men loosed and walking about in the midst of the fire without harm, and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods!" (Da 3:16, 17, 18, 19,24, 25 ).
Jehovah not only delivered them, but He walked through the fire with them! And remember what Hebrews 13:8 (see note) says...
Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever
Corrie ten Boom tells how she worried as a girl whether she would be able to stand against the Germans if she was threatened. She felt so weak when she thought about what might happen. Her father, I think it was, gave her a great illustration. He said, "When you are going to take a journey on the train, do I give you your ticket three weeks early or just as you get on the train?" She answered, "As I get on the train." "So God will give you the special strength you need to be strong in the face of death just when you need it, not before."
Dying grace
for
Dying days!
Or better...
Living Grace
for
Dying Days!
John Piper's expresses his heart on this passage for his church: I pray that you will remember the words of this message. The Spirit will help you die. He will stand by you when there is no one else. He will sustain your faith. He will give you glimpses of glory [Ed: as He did Stephen as he was being stoned (Acts 7:56)]. He will cause you to magnify Christ in your death. Courage which you never thought was possible will be yours. The Spirit of glory and of God will rest upon you and carry you home. (The Holy Spirit Will Help You Die)
William MacDonald has an interesting thought to ponder: We know that the Spirit indwells every true child of God, but He rests in a special way upon those who are completely committed to the cause of Christ. They know the presence and power of the Spirit of God as others do not." (Believer's Bible Commentary)
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Greek Word Studies ( - )
Read freely Greek Word Studies from the Austin Precept text commentary of the Bible in text and pdf format. Precept Austin is an online free dynamic bible commentary similar to wikipedia with updated content and many links to excellent biblical resources around the world. You can browse the entire collection of Commentaries by Verse on the Precept Austin website.We have been "bought with a price" to be "ambassadors for Christ" and our "salvation is nearer to us than when we believed" so let us "cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God" "so that when He appears, we may have confidence and not shrink away from Him in shame at His coming." (1Cor 6:20, 2Cor 5:20, Ro 13:11, 2Cor 7:1, 1Jn 2:28)