Shine (appear) (5316) (phaino) means to bring to light, to cause to appear. To shed light upon (Rev 8:12). To seem to be (Lk 24:11). Figuratively of sin being shown to be sin (Ro 7:13). "The sinfulness of sin is revealed in its violations of God's law." (ATR). Figuratively of the Word of God as that which shines in a dark place (2Pe 1:19). Describes the glorified Jesus' face (Rev 1:16). Appear ("are seen") in Php 2:15 could be translated "shine." In Mt 24:30 phaino refers to the Second Coming of Christ (cp Mt 24:27). Phaino in the active voice means "to shine" = literal: of the sun (Rev 8:12); of the moon (Rev 21:23); of a candle or lamp (Rev 18:23). Other times figurative: of the incarnation of the Word of God (Jn 1:5); of the witness of John the Baptist (Jn 5:35); of the Gospel of Jesus Christ and its effect in the world (1Jn 2:8). Occasionally a passive can mean "to shine" as used literally of the sun (Rev 8:12); of lightning (Mt 24:27); of a candle or lamp (Rev 18:23); or figuratively of the testimony of believers who appear (shine) as lights (Php 2:15). Phaino refers to "something which is visible, something which appears." Most other New Testament uses revolve around this idea of appearing. In some uses the verb means "to seem or to appear externally" as in Jesus' description of hypocrites (Mt 23:27,28). Phaino can refer to the opinion or judgment of men, what they think about a situation (Mk 14:64 = "how does it seem to you [what is your decision]?", Lk 24:11 ="words appeared [seemed]"). Phaino refers literally to the appearance of people or things: an angel (Mt 1:20); a star (Mt 2:7); a dream or someone or something in a dream (Mt 2:13,19). It is also used of Elijah (Luke 9:8); of sin (Ro7:13); of vapor (James 4:14); of tares (Mt 13:26); of a sign (Mt 24:30); of a miracle (Mt 9:23); and of the resurrected Jesus (Mk 16:9). Our English word Phenomenon (general sense = an appearance; any thing visible; whatever is presented to the eye by observation or experiment, or whatever is discovered to exist; as the phenomena of the natural world; the phenomena of heavenly bodies, or of terrestrial substances; the phenomena of heat or of color. It sometimes denotes a remarkable or unusual appearance) is a transliteration of the middle voice of phaino.Phaino is also the source of our English word epiphany which describes an appearance or manifestation especially of a divine being or a usually sudden manifestation or perception of the essential nature or meaning of something. Interesting! Lord give us an "epiphany" today of Your greatness and goodness in Jesus. Amen In Classical Greek phaino appears from Homer (Eighth Century B.C.) on in the active voice meaning "to bring to light" or "to cause to appear." When used in the passive voice it means "to come to light" or "to appear." Thus phaino can mean "reflect" or "reveal." Other figurative meanings are "set forth, expound, denounce, ordain," and "proclaim" (Liddell-Scott). Appear (Webster's definition) - to be or come in sight, to be in view, to be visible, to show up, to have an outward aspect (to seem - e.g., appears happy enough), to become evident or manifest; to come into public view or present oneself publicly or formally; to come into existence. To become visible to the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind; a sense frequent in scripture. To seem or look: the evidence appears to support you. To be plain or clear, as after further evidence, etc.: it appears you were correct after all . Seem (Webster's definition) - to give the impression of being; to appear; to make or have a show or semblance. To have the appearance of truth or fact; to be understood as true. Shine (Webster's definition) - To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit brightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Shining differs from sparkling, glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always observed, and we may say, the fixed stars shine, as well as that they sparkle. But we never say, the sun or the moon sparkles. To emit rays of light; to be bright by reflection of light; to be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished (shines in math); to have a bright glowing appearance (his face shone). Beloved ambassador of the Most High God, do not these definitions of "shine" speak to our hearts, constraining us to let His glorious light shine into the spiritual darkness of this world? O God, our Great Father, by Thy Great Spirit, enable us, empower us, humble us (if need be), to be Thy "great lights" (great in Thy Son, not in our self!) in the midst of a crooked and perverse and dead generation (Php 2:15, cp Mt 5:16), all for the great glory of Thy Great Name, through Christ Jesus our Great High Priest. Amen Friberg - (1) active intransitively in the NT; (a) literally shine, give light (2Pe 1.19); (b) metaphorically, of a person who makes it possible to know something or someone (Jn 5.35); of a source of spiritual truth and knowledge (Jn 1.5; 1Jn 2.8); (2) passive; (a) literally, of light and its sources shine, flash (Mt 24.27); (b) of someone or something one becomes aware of = appear, become visible, be revealed (Mt 1.20; 2.7); (c) of what becomes known, either in its true character (Ro 7.13) or only in its superficial character (Mt 23.28) = appear, seem to be, look as though; (d) idiomatically = literally where will it appear? i.e. what will happen to? what will become of? (1Pe 4.18)(Analytical Lexicon of the Greek New Testament- Barbara Friberg and Neva F. Mille Timothy Friberg) Phaino - 31x in 31v - NAS Usage: appear(5), appeared(7), appears(1), became evident(1), become(1), flashes(1), noticed(2), seem(1), seen(2), shine(3), shines(1), shining(4), shown(1), visible(1). Matthew 1:20 But when he had considered this, behold, an angel of the Lord appearedto him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife; for the Child who has been conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit. Matthew 2:7 Then Herod secretly called the magi and determined from them the exact time the star appeared. 13 Now when they had gone, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, "Get up! Take the Child and His mother and flee to Egypt, and remain there until I tell you; for Herod is going to search for the Child to destroy Him." 19 But when Herod died, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, and said, Matthew 6:5 "When you pray, you are not to be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and on the street corners so that they may be seen by men. Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full. 16 "Whenever you fast, do not put on a gloomy face as the hypocrites do, for they neglect their appearance so that they will be noticed by men when they are fasting. Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full. 18 so that your fasting will not be noticed by men, but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you. Matthew 9:33 After the demon was cast out, the mute man spoke; and the crowds were amazed, and were saying, "Nothing like this has ever been seen in Israel." Matthew 13:26 "But when the wheat sprouted and bore grain, then the tares becameevident also. Matthew 23:27 "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs which on the outside appear beautiful, but inside they are full of dead men's bones and all uncleanness. 28 "So you, too, outwardly appear righteous to men, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness. Comment: Pharisees were compared in appearance with whitewashed tombs because their appearances and actuality do not agree. Matthew 24:27 "For just as the lightning comes from the east and flashes even to the west, so will the coming of the Son of Man be. Matthew 24:30 "And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the SON OF MAN COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF THE SKY with power and great glory. Mark 14:64 "You have heard the blasphemy; how does it seem to you?" And they all condemned Him to be deserving of death. Mark 16:9 Now after He had risen early on the first day of the week, He first appearedto Mary Magdalene, from whom He had cast out seven demons. Luke 9:8 and by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the prophets of old had risen again. Luke 24:11 But these words appeared to them as nonsense, and they would not believe them. John 1:5 The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it. Robertson - "The light keeps on giving light. he Logos, the only real moral light, keeps on shining both in the Pre-incarnate state and after the Incarnation. John is fond of skotia (skotos) for moral darkness from sin and phos [photizo, phaino]) for the light that is in Christ alone. In 1John 2:8 he proclaims that "the darkness is passing by and the true light is already shining." The Gnostics often employed these words and John takes them and puts them in the proper place. John 5:35 "He (John the Baptist) was the lamp that was burning and was shining and you were willing to rejoice for a while in his light. Romans 7:13 Therefore did that which is good become a cause of death for me? May it never be! Rather it was sin, in order that it might be shown to be sin by effecting my death through that which is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful. 2 Corinthians 13:7 Now we pray to God that you do no wrong; not that we ourselvesmay appear approved, but that you may do what is right, even though we may appear unapproved. Philippians 2:15 so that you will prove yourselves to be blameless and innocent, children of God above reproach in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you appear as lights in the world, Hebrews 11:3 By faith we understand that the worlds were prepared by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out of things which are visible. James 4:14 Yet you do not know what your life will be like tomorrow. You are just a vapor that appears for a little while and then vanishes away. Detzler - Life itself is defined in terms of an appearance. Shakespeare caused Macbeth to say: Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more; it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. (Macbeth, v, iii, 16) Though Shakespeare did not intend it, he echoed a biblical idea. Human life is like a puff of smoke that appears and then drifts away (James 4:14). 1 Peter 4:18 AND IF IT IS WITH DIFFICULTY THAT THE RIGHTEOUS IS SAVED, WHAT WILL BECOME OF THE GODLESS MAN AND THE SINNER? 2 Peter 1:19 So we have the prophetic word made more sure, to which you do well to pay attention as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star arises in your hearts. 1 John 2:8 On the other hand, I am writing a new commandment to you, which is true in Him and in you, because the darkness is passing away and the true Light is alreadyshining. Revelation 1:16 In His right hand He held seven stars, and out of His mouth came a sharp two-edged sword; and His face was like the sun shining in its strength. Revelation 8:12 The fourth angel sounded, and a third of the sun and a third of the moon and a third of the stars were struck, so that a third of them would be darkened and the day would not shine for a third of it, and the night in the same way. Revelation 18:23 and the light of a lamp will not shine in you any longer; and the voice of the bridegroom and bride will not be heard in you any longer; for your merchants were the great men of the earth, because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery. Revelation 21:23 And the city has no need of the sun or of the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God has illumined it, and its lamp is the Lamb. Phaino - 66v in the non-apocryphal Septuagint - 15" class="scriptRef">Ge 1:15, 17; 21:11; 30:37; 35:22; Ge 38:10; 42:15; 45:5; Ex 25:37; Nu 23:3-4; 1Sa 18:8; 20:26; 2Sa 11:27; 1Kgs 22:32; 1Chr 21:7; Ezra 7:20; Neh 4:7; 13:8; Ps 77:18; 97:4; Pr 11:31; 21:2; 23:5; 24:25; 26:5, 16; 27:7;Isa 32:2; 47:3; 60:2; Ezek 32:7-8; Da 1:13, 15; 12:3 - Septuagint: ???? 'ôr (213), Be light, be bright; hiphil: give light, light up (Ge 1:15, Ps 97:4). ????? bachan (1010), Test; niphal: be tested (Gen 42:15). ????? galâh (1580), Give away, uncover; niphal: reveal oneself (Gen 35:7-Sixtine Edition only). ????? hayâh (2030), Be (Prov 26:5).????? zahar (2178), Hiphil: shine (Dan 12:3).????? zarach (2311), Rise (Isa 60:2). ?????? ma'ôr (4115), Shining lights (Ezek 32:8). ????? n?phal (A5490), Fall; provide (Ezra 7:20-Aramaic). ????? qarâh (7424), Happen, come; niphal: come to meet (Nm 23:3f.). ????? ra'âh (7495), See; niphal: be seen, be observed (Isa 47:3, Dan 1:13). Phaino can mean "to shine," as when God gave the sun "to shine" on the earth (Genesis 1:15). Proverbs 21:2 notes that every man appears righteous to himself. In Genesis 35:7 it means "reveal": "God revealed himself." Daniel 12:3 "Those who have insight will shine (Heb = zahar = to be light or shining; Lxx = phaino) brightly like the brightness of the expanse of heaven, and those who lead the many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever. "Copy and paste the address below into your web browser in order to go to the original page which will allow you to access live links related to the material on this page - these links include Scriptures (which can be read in context), Scripture pop-ups on mouse over, and a variety of related resources such as Bible dictionary articles, commentaries, sermon notes and theological journal articles related to the topic under discussion." http://preceptaustin.org/1john_27-11_commentary.htm#s