Sinned (verb) (264) hamartano by Greek Word Studies

Sinned (264) (hamartano) literally means to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize). Hamartano means to act contrary to the will and law of God. To commit a wrong. To be in error. Hamartano means to err (err is from Latin errare = to wander or to stray!) which means to wander from the right way, to deviate from the true course or purpose and so to violate an accepted standard of conduct. To err is to miss the right way. To err means to deviate from the path or line of duty. To stray by design or mistake. To err is to stray from God and/or His commandments. Hamartano means to swerve from the truth, to turn aside from the straight course charted by the Word of Truth. To swerve means to wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule of duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty or custom. In short hamartano means to miss the mark of God's perfect standard. Webster's 1823 Dictionary has a "bibliocentric" definition of sin as... The voluntary departure of a moral agent from a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God; any voluntary transgression of the divine law, or violation of a divine command; a wicked act; iniquity. Sin is either a positive act in which a known divine law is violated, or it is the voluntary neglect to obey a positive divine command, or a rule of duty clearly implied in such command. Sin comprehends not actions only, but neglect of known duty, all evil thoughts, purposes, words and desires, whatever is contrary to God’s commands or law. See related discussion of the noun cognate - Hamartia Scriptural definitions of "sin" include... 1Jn 5:17 = unrighteousness Jn 16:9 = do not believe in Jesus Jas 4:17 = knows right thing to do & does not do it 1Jn 3:4 = lawlessness Ro 3:23-note = falling short of the glory of God Commenting on Jas 4:17 this passage means that it is wrong for a man to do anything about which he has a reasonable doubt. If he does not have a clear conscience about it, and yet goes ahead and does it, he is sinning. What does it mean to commit sin? Any thought, word or action that fails to conform to the law of God is sin. Evil is a complex phenomenon in the Scriptures and the idea of sin is conveyed by a variety of expressions like missing the mark, rebelling, going astray, transgressing, stumbling, etc. Basically, “sin is lawlessness” (1Jn3:4), referring to an inward attitude as well as to the breaking of written commandments. Sin synonyms in NT = hamartia, hamartema, parakoe, anomia, paranomia, parabasis, paraptoma, agnoema and hettema. TDNT notes that hamartano from Homer and is also used figuratively for “to fall short intellectually,” “to err,” or “‘to fall short morally,” “to do wrong.” In the LXX the moral sense is predominant. Liddell Scott (summarized) - (1) To miss, miss the mark, "he missed the man on purpose", "to miss the road". (2) To fail of doing, ail of one's purpose, to miss one's point, fail, go wrong, "failed in hitting upon the thought". (3) to fail of having, i.e. to be deprived of, lose Wuest writes that hamartano... was used in the Greek classics of a spearman missing the target at which he aimed the spear. It was used in the ethical terminology of the Greeks to mean “to fail of one’s purpose, to go wrong.” In the NT, it speaks of sin as the act of a person failing to obey the Word of God, failing to measure up in his life to the will of God. Its use is excellently illustrated in Romans 3:28, “All have sinned (missed the mark), and at present come short of the glory of God.” The mark or target is the glory of God. Man was created to glorify God. His attempt, where the attempt is made, to live a life pleasing to God, falls short of the target, like a spear thrown by an athlete, falls short of the target at which it is thrown. (Wuest, K. S. Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: Eerdmans or Logos) Hamartano - 43x in 37v - 18.15" class="scriptRef">Mt 18:15, 21" class="scriptRef">21; 27:4; Lk 15:18, 21; 17:3, 4; Jn 5:14; 8:11; 9:2, 3; Acts 25:8; Ro 2:12-note; Ro 3:23-note; Ro 5:12-note, Ro 5:14-note, Ro 5:16-note; Ro 6:15-note; 1Cor 6:18-note; 1Co 7:28, 36; 8:12; 15:34; Ep 4:26-note; 1Ti 5:20; Titus 3:11-note; Heb 3:17-note; He 10:26-note; 1Pe 2:20-note; 2Pe 2:4-note; 1Jn 1:10; 2:1; 3:6, 8, 9; 5:16, 18. NAS = commit sin(1), committed...offense(1), committing(1), sin(11), sinned(17), sinning(4), sins(8). A few of the notable uses of hamartano... 1John 3:6 No one who abides in Him sins (hamartano = present tense); no one who sins (hamartano = present tense) has seen Him or knows Him. 7 Little children, let no one deceive ( + negative = stop being deceived. How? Being taught that you can "accept Christ" and live any way you want, that you never have to exhibit any change in lifestyle, that you can continually live lawlessly. Wrong! This deceptive error has infiltrated the modern evangelical church!) you; the one who practices (present tense) righteousness is righteous, just as He is righteous; 8 the one who practices (present tense) sin is of the devil; for the devil has sinned from the beginning. The Son of God appeared for this purpose, that He might destroy the works of the devil. 9 No one who is born of God practices (present tense) sin, because His seed abides in him; and he cannot sin (hamartano = present tense) - He is not saying believers never sin. He has already stated no one is without sin = 1Jn 1:8. What he is saying is that someone who claims to be a believer and yet continually sins is not a true believer. In other words, they have never had the experience Paul describes in 2Co 5:17-note), because he is born of God. 10 By this the children of God and the children of the devil are obvious: anyone who does not practice (present tense) righteousness (What is the opposite of not practicing righteousness? cp 1Jn 5:17) is not of God, nor the one who does not love his brother. Comment: As alluded to in the notes interspersed in this verse, the accurate interpretation of this section of 1John is critically dependent upon understanding the verb tenses. Notice that of the verb hamartano, both uses being in the present tense, which indicates not committing an occasional sin or even falling back for a time into a pattern of sin. The in fact indicates that the person described is in a state of continual sin. They live a lifestyle of sin. They sin habitually. Such a description is clearly not a true believer. NIDNTT says that in classic Greek hamartia... (Homer onwards) originally meant to miss, miss the mark, lose, not share in something, be mistaken. The Greek view of a mistake is intellectually orientated -- hamartano is the result of some agnoia, ignorance. The cognate noun is hamartia (Aesch. onwards), mistake, failure to reach a goal (chiefly a spiritual one). The result of such action is hamartema, failure, mistake, offense, committed against friends, against one’s own body, etc. From these was derived (in the 5th cent. B.C.) the adjective and noun hamartolos, that thing or person that fails... The root hamart-, with its meaning of fail, produced many popular compounds, e.g. hamartinoos, madman... In the LXX two words, hamartia and adikia, represent between them almost the whole range of Hebrew words for guilt and sin... The NT uses (hamartano and cognates) as the comprehensive expression of everything opposed to God. The Christian concept of sin finds its fullest expression and its deepest theological development in Paul and John... Hamartia is always used in the NT of man’s sin which is ultimately directed against God.... Jesus used the OT and Jewish concept of sin that was familiar in the world around him. This becomes clear from the fact that in the Synoptic Gospels the nouns hamartia and hamartema are found almost exclusively in the context of the forgiveness of sins. The verb is often used absolutely, i.e. in its usual and familiar sense (cf. Mt 18:15; Lk 17:3, 4.). The use of the nouns chiefly in the plural shows that the dominant idea is that of individual faults committed against the law or one’s brother... Paul almost always uses the word hamartia in the singular. Sin is almost a personal power which acts in and through man (Ro 5:12, 21; 6:6, 17; 7:9, 10, 11ff.) (See Sin "personified"). The same is also true of sarx, flesh (See Flesh "personified") (Gal. 5:19, 24), and thanatos, death (Ro 6:9b). (Brown, Colin, Editor. New International Dictionary of NT Theology. 1986. Zondervan or Computer version) Hamartano - About 340x in the non-apocryphal Septuagint (LXX) - Gen 4:7; 8.20" class="scriptRef">20" class="scriptRef">20" class="scriptRef">20.6" class="scriptRef">20:6, 9; 39.9" class="scriptRef">39:9; 40:1; 43:9; 32" class="scriptRef">44:32; 27" class="scriptRef">Exod 9:27, 34; 16" class="scriptRef">10:16; 20:20; 23.33" class="scriptRef">33" class="scriptRef">23:33; 30-Exod.32.35" class="scriptRef">32:30f, 33; Lev 4:2f, 14, 22f, 27f, 35; 5:1, 4ff, 10f, 13, 15-Lev.5.19" class="scriptRef">15ff; 6:2ff; 19:22; 11" class="scriptRef">Num 6:11; 12:11; 14:40; 15:27f; 16:22; 26" class="scriptRef">26.21" class="scriptRef">21.7" class="scriptRef">21:7; 22:34; 32:23; Deut 1:41; 9:16, 18" class="scriptRef">18; 19:15; 20:18; 32:5; Josh 7:11, 20; Judg 10:10, 15; 11:27; 1 Sam 2:25; 7:6; 12:10, 23; 14:33f; 15:18, 24" class="scriptRef">24" class="scriptRef">24, 30; 19:4f; 20:1; 24:11; 26:18, 21; 2 Sam 12:13; 19:20; 24:10; 1 Kgs 8:31, 33, 35, 46f, 50; 14:22; 18:9; 17.7" class="scriptRef">2 Kgs 17:7; 18:14; 21:17; 1 Chr 21:8, 17; 2 Chr 6:22, 24, 26, 36f, 39; 12:2; 19:10; 22:3; 28:13; Neh 1:6; 6:13; 9:29; 13:26; Esth 4:17; Job 1:22; 2:10; 5:24; 7:20; 8:4; 10:14; 11:6; 15:11; 31:33; 33:9, 27; 34:8; 35:3, 6; 42:7; Ps 4:4; 25:8; 36:1; 39:1; 41:4; 51:4; 75:4; 78:17, 32; 106:6; 119:11; Prov 8:36; 12:26; 13:21; 14:21; 20:2; 28:24; 29:6; Eccl 2:26; 7:20, 26; 8:12; 9:2, 18; Isa 24:6; 29:21; 42:24; 64:5; Jer 2:35; 3:25; 8:14; 14:7, 20; 16:10; 33:8; 40:3; 44:23; 50:7; Lam 1:8; 3:42; 5:7, 16; Ezek 3:21; 14:13; 16:51; 18:4, 20, 24; 28:16; 33:16; 35:6; 37:23; Dan 9:5, 8, 11, 15f; 12:10; Hos 4:7; 10:9; 12:8; 13:2; Mic 7:9 Here are a few representative uses of hamartano from the Septuagint (LXX) translation of the OT... Genesis 39:9 "There is no one greater in this house than I, and he has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. How then could I do this great evil and sin (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano) against God?" Numbers 32:23 "But if you will not do so, behold, you have sinned (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano) against the LORD, and be sure your sin (Heb = chattath; Lxx = hamartia) will find you out. 1Kings 8:46 "When they sin (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano) against You (for there is no man who does not sin [Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano]) and You are angry with them and deliver them to an enemy, so that they take them away captive to the land of the enemy, far off or near Job 1:22 Through all this Job did not sin (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano) nor did he blame God. Job 2:10 But he said to her, "You speak as one of the foolish women speaks. Shall we indeed accept good from God and not accept adversity?" In all this Job did not sin (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano) with his lips. Psalm 4:4-note Tremble, and do not sin (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano); Meditate in your heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah. (Red = imperatives) Ecclesiastes 7:20 Indeed, there is not a righteous man on earth who continually does good and who never (Lxx = ou = absolute negation) sins (Hebrew = chata = to miss, go wrong, sin; Lxx = hamartano). This was how Susannah Wesley defined “sin” to her young son, John Wesley If you would judge of the lawfulness or the unlawfulness of pleasure, then take this simple rule: Whatever weakens your reason, impairs the tenderness of your conscience, obscures your sense of God, and takes off the relish of spiritual things—that to you is sin. ><> ><> ><> The Power Of Sin - I was having lunch with a pastor-friend when the discussion sadly turned to a mutual friend in ministry who had failed morally. As we grieved together over this fallen comrade, now out of ministry, I wondered aloud, “I know anyone can be tempted and anyone can stumble, but he’s a smart guy. How could he think he could get away with it?” Without blinking, my friend responded, “Sin makes us stupid.” It was an abrupt statement intended to get my attention, and it worked. I have often thought of that statement in the ensuing years, and I continue to affirm the wisdom of those words. How else can you explain the actions of King David, the man after God’s own heart turned adulterer and murderer? Or the reckless choices of Samson? Or the public denials of Christ by Peter, the most public of Jesus’ disciples? We are flawed people who are vulnerable to temptation and to the foolishness of mind that can rationalize and justify almost any course of action if we try hard enough. If we are to have a measure of victory over the power of sin, it will come only as we lean on the strength and wisdom of Christ (Ro 7:24, 25-notes). As His grace strengthens our hearts and minds, we can overcome our own worst inclination to make foolish choices. —Bill Crowder (Our Daily Bread, Copyright RBC Ministries, Grand Rapids, MI. Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved) The price of sin is very high Though now it may seem low; And if we let it go unchecked, Its crippling power will grow. —Fitzhugh God’s Spirit is your power source— don’t let sin break the connection. ><> ><> ><> ILLUSTRATION OF THE SUBTLE CORRUPTING EFFECT OF SIN: What happened to the great city of Ephesus? Often mentioned in the New Testament, it was one of the cultural and commercial centers of its day. Located at the mouth of the Cayster River, it was noted for its bustling harbors, its broad avenues, its gymnasiums, its baths, its huge amphitheater, and especially its magnificent Temple of Diana. What happened to bring about its gradual decline until its harbor was no longer crowded with ships and the city was no longer a flourishing metropolis? Was it smitten by plagues, destroyed by enemies, or demolished by earthquakes? No, silt was the reason for its downfall—silent and non-violent silt. Over the years, fine sedimentary particles slowly filled up the harbor, separating the city from the economic life of the sea traders. Little evil practices, little acts of disobedience may seem harmless. (Song 2:15) But let the silt of sin gradually accumulate, and we will find ourselves far from God. Life will become a spiritual ruin. In the book of Hebrews we are warned of the danger of “the deceitfulness of sin” (Heb 3:13-note). James said that the attractive pleasures of sin are really a mask covering death (Jas 1:15-note).God forbid that we let the "silt of sin" accumulate in our lives! Christian, walk carefully, danger is near! On in your journey with trembling and fear; Snares from without and temptations within Seek to entice you once more into sin. --Anon. Little sins add up to big trouble. ><> ><> ><> Sin Is Like An Insect! - It was reported recently that an enormous pine tree in the mountains of Colorado had fallen victim to a pine beetle and died. According to locals, up to that point the tree was thought to be indestructible. It had survived fourteen lightning strikes and many years of Colorado winters, including avalanches and fires. But it was eventually brought down from within by a tiny insect that did its work silently. That's the way it is with sin in a person's life, be they a Christian or a non-Christian. Watch over your heart with all diligence. ><> ><> ><> Rousseau's "Self-Ruse" - The deceitfulness of sin is vividly seen in the life of the French philosopher Rousseau. He declared, “No man can come to the throne of God and say, ‘I’m a better man than Rousseau.’” When he knew death was close at hand, he boasted, “Ah, how happy a thing it is to die, when one has no reason for remorse or self-reproach.” Then he prayed, “Eternal Being, the soul that I am going to give Thee back is as pure at this moment as it was when it proceeded from Thee; render it a partaker of Thy felicity!” This is an amazing statement when we realize that Rousseau didn’t profess to be born again. In his writings he advocated adultery and suicide, and for more than 20 years he lived in licentiousness. Most of his children were born out of wedlock and sent to a foundling home. He was mean, treacherous, hypocritical, and blasphemous. (Our Daily Bread, Copyright RBC Ministries, Grand Rapids, MI. Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved) ><> ><> ><> SIN IS LIKE A BOA CONSTRICTOR! - Are you being deceived by sin and tolerating it like a pet? If you are, then you need to remember the fate of the man with the pet boa constrictor (Do a Google search - use the following three words in your search keeping the quotation marks as written >> "pet boa" killed). After 15 years of living with his owner, one day the "pet boa" would not let its "owner" out of its grip resulting in the owner's tragic death. Wild animals remain wild and so does Sin. Do not be deceived (Stop being deceived)! ><> ><> ><> No Small Deviations in God's Economy! - In St. Louis there is a railroad switchyard. One particular switch begins with just the thinnest piece of steel to direct a train away from one main track to another. If you were to follow those two tracks, however, you would find that one ends in San Francisco, the other in New York. Sin is like that. Just a small deviation from God’s standards can place us far afield from our intended destination. Don't be deceived by the world, flesh or devil who say "It's no big deal!" Wrong! ><> ><> ><> Entanglement by the Cords of one's own Sin - Not long after a wealthy contractor had finished building the Tombs prison in New York, he was found guilty of forgery and sentenced to several years in the prison he had built! As he was escorted into a cell of his own making, the contractor said, “I never dreamed when I built this prison that I would be an inmate one day.” (cp Nu 32:23, Pr 5:22-note) ><> ><> ><> According to sociologist Robert Bellah One of our current psychological gurus says that 98 percent of Americans are dysfunctional. No doubt he is right. He has just discovered original sin, though he is mistaken if he things 2 percent are without. TWENTY REASONS NOT TO SIN! Just for "fun" take a moment to review the following list of 20 reasons not to commit sins (hamartano)... 1. A little sin leads to more sin. 2. Sin invites the discipline of God. 3. The time spent in my sin is forever wasted. 4. My sin never pleases but always grieves the God Who loves me. 5. My sin places a greater burden on my spiritual leaders. 6. In time, sin always brings heaviness to my heart. 7. Others, including my family, suffer consequences due to my sin. 8. My sin makes the enemies of God rejoice. 9. Sin deceives me into believing I have gained when in reality I have lost. 10. Sin may keep me from qualifying for spiritual leadership. 11. The supposed benefits of sin will never outweigh the consequences of disobedience. 12. Repenting of sin is a painful process. 13. My sin may influence others to sin. 14. My sin may keep others from knowing Christ. 15. Sin makes light of the Cross, upon which Christ died for the very purpose of taking away my sin. 16. It is impossible to sin and follow the Spirit at the same time. 17. Others more earnest than I have been destroyed by just such sins. 18. God chooses not to hear the prayers of those who cherish their sin (Ps 66:18). 19. My unwillingness to reject this sin now grants it authority over me greater than I understand. 20. I promised God He would be the Lord of my life. (Source unknown) Sin will take you farther than you ever thought you’d stray Sin will leave you so lost, you think you’ll never find your way Sin will keep you longer than you ever thought you’d stay Sin will cost you more than you ever thought you’d pay "Copy and paste the address below into your web browser in order to go to the original page which will allow you to access live links related to the material on this page - these links include Scriptures (which can be read in context), Scripture pop-ups on mouse over, and a variety of related resources such as Bible dictionary articles, commentaries, sermon notes and theological journal articles related to the topic under discussion." http://www.preceptaustin.org/romans_514-15.htm#s

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Sinned (verb) (264) hamartano

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