Spring (4077) pege by Greek Word Studies

Springs (4077) (pege) refers to a source that is not stagnant (like a well) but a source that gushes out or flows like a spring (James 3:11, 12) or a fountain "living" and leaping forth out of the ground. Jesus used pege figuratively to refer to a spiritual well or source of inner nourishment (Jn 4:14, cp Jn 7:37-39) even as He was sitting by a literal well (Jn 4:6). Friberg - (1) literally spring, fountain, (living) well, as a source of water; to be distinguished from frear (cistern or reservoir for storing surface water) (cf. Jn 4.6 and Jn 4.11); (2) metaphorically, the fountain of the water of life, identified in Jn 4.14 as eternal life; (3) figuratively in Mk 5.29 as a hemorrhaging, issue or flow of blood; (4) metaphorically and plural in 2Pe 2.17 presumptuous sinners who resemble dried up springs. Jesus used pege figuratively to refer to the fountain of the water of life in Jn 4:14 as associated with eternal life. Mark uses pege to refer to the flow of blood that ceased when she touched Jesus' garment (Mark 5:29, cp Lk 8:46, 47) This word pege was used as a symbol of the promised future satisfaction saints will enjoy at the "springs of the water of life" (Rev 7:17; Re 21:6), keeping in mind that Scripture often uses water as a metaphor for truth which nourishes and sustains spiritual life, Solomon for example writing that "The teaching of the wise is a fountain of life, To turn aside from the snares of death." (Pr 13:14, contrast Lam 2:14) Pege - 11x in 10 v. NAS renders pege as - flow(1), fountain(1), spring(1), springs(5), well(3). Mark 5:29 Immediately the flow of her blood was dried up; and she felt in her body that she was healed of her affliction. John 4:6 and Jacob's well was there. So Jesus, being wearied from His journey, was sitting thus by the well. It was about the sixth hour. 14 but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him shall never thirst; but the water that I will give him will become in him a well of water springing up to eternal life." James 3:11 Does a fountain send out from the same opening both fresh and bitter water? 2Peter 2:17 These are springs without water and mists driven by a storm, for whom the black darkness has been reserved. Revelation 7:17-note for the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd, and will guide them to springs of the water of life; and God will wipe every tear from their eyes." Revelation 8:10-note The third angel sounded, and a great star fell from heaven, burning like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of waters. Revelation 14:7-note and he said with a loud voice, "Fear God, and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment has come; worship Him who made the heaven and the earth and sea and springs of waters." Revelation 16:4-note Then the third angel poured out his bowl into the rivers and the springs of waters; and they became blood. Revelation 21:6-note Then He said to me, "It is done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give to the one who thirsts from the spring of the water of life without cost. There are some 100 uses of pege in the Septuagint (LXX) -- Ge 2:6; 7:11; 8:2; 14:7; 16.7" class="scriptRef">16:7; 24:13, 16, 15.9" class="scriptRef">9-Gen.24.30" class="scriptRef">29, 30, 42, 43, 45; 15.27" class="scriptRef">Ex 15:27; Lev 11:36; 12:7; 18" class="scriptRef">20:18; Nu 33:9; 34:11; Deut 8:7, 15; 33:13; Jos 15:7, 9; 17:7; 18:15, 16, 17; 19:29, 37; 21:29; Jdg 7:1; 15:19; 2Sa 17:17; 1Ki 1:9; 18:5; 2Ki 3:19, 25; 2Chr 32:3, 4f; Neh 2:13; Esther 1:1; 10:3; Job 38:16; Ps. 18:15; 36:9; 42:1; 68:26; 74:15; 104:10; 114:8; Pr 4:21; 5:15, 16, 18; 6:11; 8:23, 28; 9:18; 10:11; 13:14; 14:27; 16:22; 18:4; 25:26; Eccl. 12:6; Song 4:12, 15; Is 12:3; 35:7; 41:18; 49:10; 58:11; Je 2:13; 9:1; 17:13; 51:36; Ezek 25:9; Ho 13:15; Joel 3:18 A flowing fountain in the desert would draw men to itself because it promises water to drink. These false teachers promise but fail to produce. In marked contrast to the "promises" the false teachers make, God's promise of an ever flowing source of water of life is sure and steadfast for He is faithful and has the power to fulfill every promise He makes. The false teachers entice the unstable to fix their eyes on the temporal & the trivial, whereas the Word of God and His true teachers direct our eyes to the eternal & the excellent. Without water (504)(anudros from a = without + húdor = water) means waterless, which can describe a dry place or a desert (Lxx of Isa 43:19, cf Mt 12:43). In the present context anudros refers metaphorically to person who teaches and behaves in a way without value to others. Kenneth Wuest - Anudros is "an oriental expression where the green verdure excites the traveler's hope of water, only to have it often disappointed. Such are these false teachers. Where one looks for a clear spring of water, the living Word of God, there is a spring gone dry." (Wuest) The picture is of teachers who aroused great expectations which they are unable to fulfill. These men have no "life giving water" to dispense in the end only deluding those who have placed their trust in them. What is unbelievable is that the false teachers could make people believe their empty promises and enticements. The followers actually believed they were getting “water” (springs without water = looks like a spring but has no water & therefore is really NOT a spring!) What a contrast these deceivers are to the True Teacher Jesus who said that "whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well (pege) of water springing up to eternal life" (Jn 4:14) and He added later that of those who believed in Him "'from (their) innermost being will flow rivers of living water." (Jn 7:38) (see Hungering and Thirsting for Righteousness) False teachers present a pretense of "spiritual water" to quench the thirsty soul, but they actually have nothing to give. In this way they were like "broken cisterns that can hold no water" (Jer 2:13 cf Is 58:11, Pr 10:11, 13:14). You may drink repeatedly at the broken cisterns of the world and never find satisfaction, but you may take one drink of the Living Water through faith in Jesus Christ, and you will be satisfied forever. These false teachers remind one of the OT false prophets who spoke lies (God described their words as like "straw" rather than "grain" Jer 23:28) to the Jews remaining in Judah even after God had punished the 10 northern tribes with exile into Assyria (Jer 23:28), God's assessment of these OT prophets closely parallels Peter's description in this chapter -- "Behold, I am against those who have prophesied false dreams," declares the LORD, "and related them and led My people astray by their falsehoods and reckless boasting; yet I did not send them or command them, nor do they furnish this people the slightest benefit," declares the LORD." (Jer 23:32), Like the metaphors (a metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them) of dried up water and mist, these men can offer nothing because they have nothing (spiritually beneficial) to offer. John Calvin - They show by these two metaphors, that they had nothing within, though they made a great display. Steven Cole says this comparison of these men to waterless springs "means that like a dry oasis in the desert or a cloud that looks like rain, but just blows over, these false teachers promise to quench your thirst, but they don’t deliver. These men were eloquent and persuasive. But rather than calling people to holiness and love for God, they appealed to their fleshly lusts and greed. They told them that God didn’t want them to deprive themselves of the pleasures of sex. They said, “We’re under grace! We’re free from the law. So indulge yourselves!”...As with all false teaching, there is both truth and error mingled together in those statements. God created sex to be enjoyed between a man and a woman who are committed to one another in marriage. In that context, it is a good gift to be enjoyed. But taken out of that context and pursued just to fulfill lust, it leads to slavery to sin. The world has psychologized lust as “sexual addiction,” but Peter calls it being a slave of corruption. The same is true when a person yields to greed, often expressed by compulsive gambling or stealing. He isn’t “addicted,” as if he were the victim of a disease. Rather, he has willingly become the slave of sin. Beware of any teaching that appeals to your fleshly desires, outside of the boundaries that God has prescribed for proper enjoyment. Sex and material things have their rightful place. But when they become the consuming object of our lives, we’ve fallen prey to false teaching." (A Sad Portrait to Study) The very nature of hypocrisy is that one does not have what he pretends to have. Wiersbe has a poignant comment "A spring without water is not a spring at all! A well is still called a well even if the water is gone, but a spring ceases to exist if the water is not flowing There is in mankind an inborn thirst for reality, for God. “Thou hast made us for Thyself,” said Augustine, “and our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee.” People attempt to satisfy this thirst in many ways, and they end up living on substitutes. Only Jesus Christ can give inner peace and satisfaction." (Wiersbe, W: Bible Exposition Commentary) MISTS DRIVEN BY A STORM: kai homichlai hupo lailapos elaunomenai (PPPFPN): Like clouds and wind without rain Is a man who boasts of his gifts falsely. (Pr 25:14) Here we see the KJV has a different Greek word (nephele) translated "clouds". The best Greek manuscripts have homichlai instead and thus the preferred translation is "mists" which describes an atmospheric condition that darkens the sky but not so thick as actual clouds. A dark of the sky would hold the promise of rain, but sometimes the storm would blow by, leaving the land dry and hot. The false teachers similarly seemed to promise spiritual "rains", but were all show with no substance (cf. Jude 1;12). Ryrie - The barrenness of the false teachers mocks the thirsty soul who sincerely wants to learn God's way from them. mists driven by a storm. These mists, like the false teachers, seem to promise refreshment but in reality do no good. the black darkness. I.e., eternal torment (cf. Mt. 8:12). (The Ryrie Study Bible: New American Standard Translation: 1995. Moody Publishers) The NLT paraphrases it "as clouds blown away by the wind--promising much and delivering nothing." Needy people go to them for refreshment and for relief from spiritual thirst but are disappointed. 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