Swift (3691) oxus by Greek Word Studies

Swift (3691) (oxús) had two basic meanings. Oxus refers to a keen edge for cutting, and thus meaning sharp, all of the NT uses with this meaning being in the book of the Revelation. As used in the present verse, oxus pertains to that which is rapid in motion. Quick, meaning a very short period of time. Swift, nimble, probably since the idea of sharpness also implies eagerness. People apart from God are prone to violence. At the slightest provocation they commit murder. Oxus is used once in Romans and 6 times in Rev 1:16-note; Re 2:12-note; Re 14:14-note; Re 14:17-note; Re 14:18- note Oxus is used 11 times in the Septuagint (LXX) (Job 16:10; 41:30; Ps 14:3; 57:4; Pr 22:29; 27:4; Isa 5:28; 49:2; Ezek 5:1; Amos 2:15; Hab 1:8) In secular Greek oxus had several nuances depending on the context -- Of feeling, sharp, keen, Of the sight, to be keenest of sight, to notice a thing sharply, to be quick of hearing. When referring to things that affect the sight oxus meant dazzling, bright, Of sound, sharp, shrill, piercing. Of musical tones, sharp, high, Of taste, sharp, pungent, acid, Metaphorically of the mind, sharp, keen: quick to anger, hasty, passionate, sharp, quick, clever. Shed (1632) (ekcheo from ek = out + chéo = pour) means literally to pour out causing something (in this case blood) to be emitted in quantity. Blood (129) (haima) defines blood as the basis of life. Shedding of blood equates with committing murder. Solomon writes that... "If they say, “Come with us, let us lie in wait for blood, let us ambush the innocent without cause, let us swallow them alive like Sheol, even whole, as those who go down to the pit.. My son, do not walk in the way with them. Keep your feet from their path for their feet run to evil, and they hasten to shed blood." (Pr 1:11-12,15-16) "Swift" denotes the readiness and eagerness of men to murder others, which in turn shows the dreadful malice and hatred that is in them. Robert Haldane - The most savage animals do not destroy so many of their own species to appease their hunger, as man destroys of his fellows; to satiate his ambition, his revenge, or [greed]. (Romans 3 Commentary). How swift are men to shed blood? MacArthur writes that "Even in the United States, with its Christian heritage, since the turn of the twentieth century twice as many of its citizens have been slain in private acts of murder than have been killed in all the wars of its entire history. According to researcher Arnold Barnett of the MIT, a child born today in any one of the fifty largest cities in the United States has the chance of one in fifty of being murdered. Dr. Barnett estimated that a baby born in the 1980s is more likely to be murdered than an American soldier in World War II was of being killed in combat." (MacArthur, J: Romans 1-8. Chicago: Moody Press) Wayne Barber reminds us that "the vengeance of lost man is incredible. We have seen it in many places, even in the heart of a little child when some other child takes his toy and he looks at him and says, "I hate you. I hate you. You took my toy. I wish you were dead." Where did that come from? Was he taught that in school? Was he taught that at home? No. It came from the fact that he was born depraved as a result of Adam’s sin. The vengeance of even a child shows us that man does not have any good in him whatsoever. If you ever think differently, you have missed the point of why the gospel is such good news." (Barber, Wayne. Notes on Romans) Kent Hughes explains that... "Man’s depravity is seen in his rush to violence. Will Durant wrote in his Lessons From History: "In the last 3,421 years of recorded history only 268 have seen no war." During World War II it was estimated that it took $225,000 to kill one enemy soldier. I wonder how much is being spent by the major nations today. Man loves violence!" (Hughes, R. K. Romans: Righteousness from heaven. Preaching the Word. Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books) Ray Stedman -Someone has suggested that this would be a very remarkable verse to write above the doors of the United Nations building in New York: "Their feet are swift to shed blood, in their paths are ruin and misery, and the way of peace they do not know." Isn't it true? Here are the nations gathered together -- gathered to seek peace -- but the outcome of it is constant friction, and trouble, and disturbance, and heartache, and bloodshed, and misery, and they do not know the way of peace. (Read full text of sermon Romans 3:9-26: Peale or Paul?) Torrey's Topic Murder Forbidden by Mosaic law -Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17 Why forbidden by God -Genesis 9:6 The law made to restrain -1Ti 1:9 DESCRIBED AS KILLING With premeditation -Exodus 21:14 From hatred -Numbers 35:20,21; Deuteronomy 19:11 By lying in wait -Numbers 35:20; Deuteronomy 19:11 By an instrument of iron -Numbers 35:16 By the blow of a stone -Numbers 35:17 By a hand weapon of wood -Numbers 35:18 Killing a thief in the day, counted as -Exodus 22:3 Early introduction of -Genesis 4:8 Represented as a sin crying to heaven -Ge 4:10; He 12:24; Re 6:10 The Jews often guilty of -Isaiah 1:21 PERSONS GUILTY OF Fearful and cowardly -Genesis 4:14 Wanderers and vagabonds -Genesis 4:14 Flee from God’s presence -Genesis 4:16 Not protected in refuge cities -Deuteronomy 19:11,12 Had no protection from altars -Exodus 21:14 Not to be pitied or spared -Deuteronomy 19:13 Often committed by night -Nehemiah 6:10; Job 24:14 Imputed to the nearest city when the murderer was unknown -Dt 21:1-3 Mode of clearing those suspected of -Dt 21:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Mt 27:24 To be proved by two witnesses at least -Numbers 35:30; Dt 19:11,15 PUNISHMENT FOR The curse of God -Genesis 4:11 Death -Genesis 9:5,6; Exodus 21:12; Numbers 35:16 Not to be commuted -Numbers 35:32 Inflicted by the nearest of kin -Numbers 35:19,21 Forbidden -Genesis 9:6; Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17; Romans 13:9 Explained by Christ -Matthew 5:21,22 Hatred is -1John 3:15 Is a work for the flesh -Galatians 5:21 Comes from the heart -Matthew 15:19 DEFILES THE Hands -Isaiah 59:3 Person and garments -Lamentations 4:13,14 Land -Numbers 35:33; Psalms 106:38 Not concealed from God -Isaiah 26:21; Jeremiah 2:34 Cries for vengeance -Genesis 4:10 GOD Abominates -Proverbs 6:16,17 Makes inquisition for -Psalms 9:12 Will avenge -Deuteronomy 32:43; 1 Kings 21:19; Hosea 1:4 Requires blood for -Genesis 9:5; Numbers 35:33; 1 Kings 2:32 Rejects the prayers of those guilty of -Isaiah 1:15; 59:2,3 Curses those guilty of -Genesis 4:11 The law made to restrain -1 Timothy 1:9 SAINTS Specially warned against -1 Peter 4:15 Deprecate the guilt of -Psalms 51:14 Should warn others against -Genesis 37:22; Jeremiah 26:15 Connected with idolatry -Ezekiel 22:3,4; 2Kings 3:27 THE WICKED Filled with -Romans 1:29 Devise -Genesis 27:41; 37:18 Intent on -Jeremiah 22:17 Lie in wait to commit -Psalms 10:8-10 Swift to commit -Proverbs 1:16; Romans 3:15 Perpetrate -Job 24:14; Ezekiel 22:3 Have hands full of -Isaiah 1:15 Encourage others to commit -1 Kings 21:8-10; Proverbs 1:11 Characteristic of the devil -John 8:44 Punishment of -Genesis 4:12-15; 9:6; Nu 35:30; 2Ki 9:36,37; Jer 19:4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Punishment of, not commuted under the Law -Numbers 35:31 Of saints, specially avenged -Deuteronomy 32:43; Matthew 23:35; Rev 18:20,24 Excludes from heaven -Galatians 5:21; Revelation 22:15 Exemplified Cain -Genesis 4:8 Esau -Genesis 27:41 Joseph’s brethren -Genesis 37:20 Pharaoh -Exodus 1:22 Abimelech -Judges 9:5 Men of Shechem -Judges 9:24 Amalekite -2 Samuel 1:16 Rechab -2 Samuel 4:5, 6, 7 David -2 Samuel 12:9 Absalom -2 Samuel 13:29 Joab -1 Kings 2:31,32 Baasha -1 Kings 15:27 Zimri 1 Kings 16:10 Jezebel -1 Kings 21:10 Elders of Jezreel -1 Kings 21:13 Ahab -1 Kings 21:19 Hazael -2 Kings 8:12,15 Adrammelech, &c -2 Kings 19:37 Manasseh -2 Kings 21:16 Ishmael -Jeremiah 41:7 Princes of Israel -Ezekiel 11:6 People of Gilead -Hosea 6:8 The Herods -Matthew 2:16; 14:10; Acts 12:2 Herodias and her daughter -Matthew 14:8, 9, 10, 11 Chief priests -Matthew 27:1 Judas -Matthew 27:4 Barabbas -Mark 15:7 Jews -Acts 7:52; 1 Thessalonians 2:15 Romans 3:16 DESTRUCTION AND MISERY ARE IN THEIR PATHS (NASB: Lockman) Greek: suntrimma kai talaiporia en tais hodois auton Amplified: Destruction [as it dashes them to pieces] and misery mark their ways (Amplified Bible - Lockman) NLT: Wherever they go, destruction and misery follow them. (NLT - Tyndale House) Phillips: destruction and misery are in their ways; (Phillips: Touchstone) Wuest: Destruction and misery are in their paths. (Eerdmans) Young's Literal: Ruin and misery are in their ways. DESTRUCTION AND MISERY ARE IN THEIR PATHS: suntrimma kai talaiporia en tais hodois auton: The brevity of this statement belies its profundity. The truth is that man damages and destroys everything he touches, leaving a trail of pain and suffering in his wake! Mark it down. Wherever man goes, sin soon follows. Death and destruction follow his steps as night follows day. "Copy and paste the address below into your web browser in order to go to the original page which will allow you to access live links related to the material on this page - these links include Scriptures (which can be read in context), Scripture pop-ups on mouse over, and a variety of related resources such as Bible dictionary articles, commentaries, sermon notes and theological journal articles related to the topic under discussion." http://www.preceptaustin.org/romans_314-20.htm#swift

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Swift (3691) oxus

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