From the beginning of the horse age to the end of the first stage of automobile adoption in the early 1920s, the economic and environmental impacts of passenger mobility on the United States were noticeable mainly on a local scale. However, with the onset of mass motor travel and the rising significance of air traffic in the 1950s, the impacts have become increasingly global. From an economic perspective, they can be seen in the integration of new labor and product markets, through the geographic expansion of industry supply chains, and in the growing network of services that reach more remote areas of the world. From an environmental point of view, transportation activities increasingly contribute to climate change. Because of the long atmospheric lifetime of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (and their resulting global spread), the sources of these gases at all geographic locations contribute equally to the greenhouse effect; CO2 emissions from a taxicab operating in Mumbai have the same impact on Earth's radiation balance as those released by a sedan cruising on an interstate highway in the United States. The global nature of both the benefits and detriments of transportation requires a broad perspective. Thus, this chapter's focus is the projection of future levels of worldwide passenger mobility.
Alexander Campbell was born September 12, 1788, in the county of Antrim, Ireland. But though born in Ireland, his ancestors were, on one side, of Scotch origin, and on the other, descended from the Huguenots, in France. A profound reverence for the Word of God, was a marked feature of the character alike of the boy and of the man.
He was not less laborious as a speaker than as a writer. During all these years, he traveled extensively, traversing most of the states of the Union, and visiting Great Britain and Ireland; discoursing everywhere to crowded audiences, on the great themes that occupied his heart, and coming into contact with many of the best minds of the age, from whom, whatever their difference of sentiment, he constantly challenged respect and admiration.
In addition to forty volumes, Mr. Campbell published several other works.
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