Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 28:9
Two onyx stones - See Clarke on Exodus 25:7 ; (note). read more
Exodus 28:6-14 Niv
Adam Clarke
Adam Clarke
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 28:11
Like the engravings of a signet - So signets or seals were in use at this time, and engraving on precious stones was then an art, and this art, which was one of the most elegant and ornamental, was carried in ancient times to a very high pitch of perfection, and particularly among the ancient Greeks; such a pitch of perfection as has never been rivaled, and cannot now be even well imitated. And it is very likely that the Greeks themselves borrowed this art from the ancient Hebrews, as we... read more
Adam Clarke
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 28:12
Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord - He was to consider that he was the representative of the children of Israel; and the stones on the ephod and the stones on the breastplate were for a memorial to put Aaron in remembrance that he was the priest and mediator of the twelve tribes; and, speaking after the manner of men, God was to be put in mind of the children of Israel, their wants, etc., as frequently as the high priest appeared before him with the breastplate and the ephod. See ... read more
Adam Clarke
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 28:13
Ouches of gold - משבצת mishbetsoth , strait places, sockets to insert the stones in, from שבץ shabats , to close, enclose, straiten. Socket, in this place, would be a more proper translation, as ouch cannot be traced up to any legitimate authority. It appears sometimes to signify a hook, or some mode of attaching things together. read more
John Calvin
John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 28:9
Verse 9 9.And thou shalt take two onyx-stones. That the connection between the priest and the people might be made more plain, God not only placed on his breast the memorials of the twelve tribes, but also engraved their names on his shoulders. Thus all occasion of envy was removed, since the people would understand that this one man was not separated from the others for the sake of private advantage, but that in his one person they were all a kingdom of priests, which Peter teaches to have... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 28:1-38
Aaron in his priesthood the type of Jesus. I. IN HIS APPOINTMENT ( Exodus 28:1 ). 1 . He is chosen of God ( Hebrews 5:4 ), and therefore our accepted intercessor. 2 . He is taken from among his brethren; "from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me." The priest who ministers before God for us must go up with a brother's heart and with experience of human infirmity ( Hebrews 4:15 ). II. IN HIS ARRAY . The holy garments were "for glory and... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 28:6
The Ephod , They shall make the ephod The word ephod signifies etymologically any "vestment" or "garment;" but in its use it is confined to the special vestment here described, the great object of which was to be a receptacle for the "breast-plate." The ephod was a sort of jerkin or waistcoat, consisting of two pieces, one to cover the chest and the other the back, joined together probably by a seam, above the shoulders, and united at the waist by a band called "the curious girdle of... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 28:7
The two shoulder-pieces thereof, Literally, "Two shoulder-pieces." There is no article, and no possessive pronoun. At the two edges thereof. Literally, "at its two ends." A union of the back and front flaps of the dress by a seam at the top of the shoulder seems to be intended. Female dresses were made in this way among the Greeks, but fastened with a brooch or buckle. read more
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Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 28:8
The curious girdle of the ephod - The word חשב chesheb , rendered here curious girdle, signifies merely a kind of diaper, or embroidered work; (see Clarke's note on Exodus 26:1 ;); and it is widely different from אבנט abnet , which is properly translated girdle Exodus 28:4 . The meaning therefore of the text, according to some, is this, that the two pieces, Exodus 28:7 , which connected the parts of the ephod at the shoulders where the onyx stones were set, should be of the... read more